2018年专四作文解析 第1篇

对于你们来说，写说明文最难的一点是不了解。好在说明文的命题是发散的，你可以在比较大的范围内找到你了解的东西去写。如果让你找一个中国的传统节日，传统节日有很多，这时要写你熟悉的。但是如果你写别人不了解的东西，也是有好处的。在大家都介绍春节的时候，你写端午节，阅卷老师会觉着这篇与众不同。

说明文题目是发散的，但框架是确定的，这正好与议论文相反。举个例子，如果写端午节，第一你要知道端午节英文是什么，第二你要知道端午节农历日期的表达方式是什么，第三它的意义是什么，第四人们的庆祝方式等等，考试时把点在草稿纸上列出来，记住结构一定要完整。

说明文无非就是九种说明方法，举例子、分类别、列数据、作比较、下定义、打比方、画图表、做诠释和摹状貌。

说明文写的顺序是灵活的，先说什么后说什么是有弹性的，你们可以按照自己的习惯去处理。

2018年专四作文解析 第2篇

SECTION A TALK

1. seven

2. sounds

3. cognitive

4. a sound changes

5. six-month-old

6. discriminate the

7. their first birthda

8. totally equivalen

9. incredible differe

10. taking statistics

SECTION B CONVERSATIONS

Conversation One

1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?

答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.

2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?

答案：B. Polish.

3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?

答案：A. To help improve international trade.

to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?

答案：D. It makes you work hard.

5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?

答案：B. Schoolmates.

Conversation Two

6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?

答案：A. An unreasonable fear.

7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?

答案：C. One in fourteen million.

8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?

答案：B. Catastrophic events.

9. Which may involve a chronic risk?

答案：D. Smoking cigarettes.

10. Why do some people enjoy risks?

答案：A. They get pleasure from risks.

婴儿的语言天赋

The Linguistic Gift of Babies

大家早上好。在今天的课上，我要讲一些你们看不到的东西。也就是：婴儿的大脑里是如何运转的。

Good morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.

例如，婴儿如何学习一门语言。

For example, how babies learn a language.

这是一个大家很感兴趣的问题。

It is always a question people show great interest in.

婴儿和七岁之前的儿童都是天才，七岁后就会出现系统性的衰退。

Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there's a systematic decline.

我的实验室里工作的重点就是发育的第一个关键时期，在这个关键时期，婴儿试图掌握在他们的语言中用到的音。

Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language.

我们认为，通过研究声音是如何习得的，我们将建立一个适用于语言其他方面的模型，也可能适用于儿童时期可能存在的社交、情感和认知发展关键时期的模型。

We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we'll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.

所以我们一直在通过实验来研究这些婴儿。

So we've been studying the babies by conducting an experiment.

在我们的实验中，婴儿，通常是6个月大的婴儿，坐在父母的膝盖上，我们训练他们当音变化的时候转过头去，比如从“啊”变成“咿”的时候。

During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent's lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from ^v^ah^v^ to ^v^ee^v^.

如果他们在正确的时候这样做，黑盒子就会亮起来，熊猫就会敲鼓。我们学到了什么?

If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum. What have we learned?

全世界的婴儿就是我所说的“世界公民”。

Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as ^v^citizens of the world^v^.

他们可以区分所有语言的所有音，不管我们测试的是哪个国家，用的是什么语言，这很了不起，因为你知道，我做不到。

They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we're testing and what language we're using, and that's remarkable because you know, I can't do that.

我们的听力受到了文化限制。

We're culture-bound listeners.

我们能分辨出自己语言的音，却分辨不出外语的音。

We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages.

所以问题就来了：这些世界公民什么时候会变成我们这样只能听懂某一种语言的人?

So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are?

答案是：在他们一周岁之前。

And the answer: before their first birthdays.

这里是东京和美国西雅图参加测试的婴儿在转头实验中的表现，此时他们听到了“ra”和“la”，这是英语中很重要的发音，日语中却不重要。

What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the ^v^ra^v^ and ^v^la^v^ — sounds important to English, but not to Japanese.

所以在6到8个月大的时候，婴儿们的表现是完全一样的。

So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent.

两个月后，一些不可思议的事情发生了。

Two months later, something, something incredible occurs.

美国的婴儿表现越来越好，而日本的婴儿表现越来越差。

The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.

问题是，在这两个月的关键时期发生了什么?

So the question is: What's happening during this critical two-month period?

我们知道这是辩声能力发展的关键时期，但是究竟发生了什么?

We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what's going on up there?

也许发生了两件事。

Maybe there are two things going on.

首先，婴儿们全神贯注地听我们说话，他们一边听我们说话一边做统计——他们在做统计。

The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they're taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they're taking statistics.

也就是说，两个婴儿听他们自己的母亲说妈妈语——我们和孩子说话时使用的通用语。

That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.

在产生语言的过程中，当婴儿听的时候，他们所做的就是做统计，也就是说，他们听到的语言的声音分布。

During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they're doing is taking statistics, that is, sound distribution on the language that they hear.

这些声音分布不断完善，婴儿就吸收更多。

And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more.

我们发现，婴儿对统计数据很敏感，而且日语和英语的统计数据非常非常不同。

And what we've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different.

我的意思是，两种语言的声音分布是不同的。

I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different.

所以婴儿会吸收语言的统计数据，这会改变他们的大脑;

So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains;

这使他们从世界公民变成了我们这些受到文化限制只能听懂某一种语言的人，因为我们成年后就不再吸收这些数据。

it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.

当然，在这种情况下，我们认为声音分布趋于稳定时，语言的学习可能会减慢。

In this case, of course, we're arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.

好的。今天，我们刚刚讨论了最近的一个关于婴儿语言能力发展的项目。

OK. Today, we just talked about a recent project on babies' language development.

在下一讲中，我们将集中讨论双语者，双语者如何同时记住两组数据。

In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.

Conversation Two

对话2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.

根据对话2回答第6题到第10题

W: Hello, and welcome to today's program. I'm Alice.

女：大家好，欢迎来到今天的节目。我是爱丽丝。

M: And I'm Jack. Hello.

男：我是杰克。大家好。

W: Hello, Jack. You're off on holiday

tomorrow, aren't you?

女：你好，杰克。你明天休假，是吗?

M: I am and you know, and I'm dreading it. I hate flying!

男：是的，你知道，我很害怕。我讨厌坐飞机!

W: Do you? I didn't know you had a phobia— and that means a strong and

unreasonable fearof something.

女：是吗?我不知道你有恐惧症——就是对某种事物强烈而不合理的恐惧。

M: Well, I don't think this is a phobia

because it isn't unreasonable. Flying

thousands of feet upin the sky, you know,

that's not safe!

男：嗯，我不认为这是恐惧症，因为它并非没有道理。你知道，在几千英尺的高空飞行很不安全!

W: Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It's much riskier to drive or cycle to work. And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today's show!

女：乘飞机比你想象得要安全，杰克。开车或骑车上班风险更大。冒险!就是今天节目的主题!

Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a onemile journey is the

same as your chances of winning the lottery?

风险是指发生坏事的可能性。例如，你知道一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的几率和你中彩票的几率是一样大的吗?

M: I didn't know that.

男：我不知道。

W: Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening?

女：你能猜到这两种情况发生的概率是多少吗?

M: I have no idea. One in a million?

男：我不知道。一百万分之一吗?

W: No, it's one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket asyou are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey.

女：不，是1千4百万分之一。你中全国彩票头奖的可能性就像一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的可能性一样大。

M: But why are we bad at assessing risk?

男：但是为什么我们不善于评估风险呢?

W: People typically fear anything which is small probability but it's extremely

catastrophicifit were to happen…

女：通常人们害怕的都是发生的可能性很小，但如果发生的话，将会是一场灾难的事情……

Recently we have another increase in these birds' virus outbreaks. People read about that.

最近这些鸟类病毒爆发事件又增加了。大家都知道这些。

And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot.

他们可能会在新闻中注意到这一点，但他们可能会忘记注射流感疫苗。

M: That's right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu ordying in a plane crash because we reacte

motionally to them.

男：对。我们倾向于担心重大或灾难性的事件，如感染禽流感或飞机失事伤亡，因为我们情绪上会对它们产生反应。

W: Yeah. Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about thesmall but chronic risks that become more likely over time.

女：是的。灾难性的事件感觉起来是非常真实的威胁，而我们往往会忘记那些随着时间的推移变得更有可能发生的，小而长期的风险。

M: We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smokedit?

男：是的。举个例子，如果有一根烟，你一抽完就会死，会出现什么样的情况?

Nobody would do that, would they?

没有人会那样做，对不对?

W: No, they wouldn't.

女：对，没有人会那样做。

M: But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the healthrisksfor the future.

男：但是很多人很乐意吸烟很多年，并没有担心未来可能出现的健康风险。

W: Yes, that's a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch overtime. You know, they think,^v^I could stop tomorrow^v^ or ^v^I could smoke less^v^.

女：是的，说得好，杰克!随着时间的推移，人们觉得他们能够控制住风险。你知道，他们会想，“我明天可以停下来”或者“我可以少抽烟”。

But what about people who really enjoy

taking big risks— those thrill seekers out there?

但是那些真正喜欢冒险的人——那些寻求刺激的人呢?

M: People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger— it gives them extremepleasure!

男：喜欢极限运动的人实际上是在寻找危险，那给了他们极大的乐趣!

If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high, or hopefully evenhigher...

如果风险真的很高，那就意味着其中乐趣需要同样高，甚至更高……

W: You're right.

女：你说的对。

PART III LANGUAGE USAGE

11. C. is believed to have been

12. D. has been maintaining

13. B. otherwise

14. C. hazy blue Virginia

15. A. the evil

16. D. are of war

17. A. its most basic

18. C. to reveal an undesirable consequence

19. B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.

20. A. a hypothesis

21. C. trial

22. B. Arguably

23. C. offset

24. D. recollection

25. B. constitutes

26. D. extra

27. A. filed

28. D. wreck

29. C. countless

30. D. maritime

PART IV CLOZE

31. M. unknown

32. B. automatically

33. F. kind

34. I. one

35. C. couple

36. N. virtue

37. E. indebtedness

38. D. goes

39. O. widespread

40. L. subscribe

PART V READING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

41. D. successful competition is essential in American society

42. B. Cause and effect.

43. C. Sarcastic.

44. A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.

45. D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.

46. C. source of funding

47. B. promote market rather than achievements

48. C. Her sister Josephine told her.

49. B. sat in an armchair all the time

50. A. She was indifferent now.

SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

51. Individual freedom.

52. Some awards aren’t rewards for real achievements.

53. Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects.

54. Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy.

55. The real cause was her extreme disappointment.

2018年专四作文解析 第3篇

从前，有一座古老的城堡，城堡旁边有一个灌木丛，灌木丛里长着一枝美丽无比的玫瑰，但它非常骄傲，从不让任何小动物接近它，总是拒人于千里之外。

玫瑰花想：“唉，每天有那么多小动物来打扰我，真烦人!要是我能插进花瓶里，再摆上桌，那姐妹们一定会羡慕死我的!”

它天天那么想着，月月那么想着，年年这么想着。

终于有一天，它xx进了花瓶里，还摆上了桌。

所有来到这里的客人，都会情不自禁地赞叹道：“多美的玫瑰花啊!”

玫瑰花心里乐滋滋的：“这里才是我的天堂啊!我以前真是被那个破灌木丛给毁了!”

刚刚过了不久，随着“啪”的一声响，花瓶被打碎了，玫瑰花被扔进了垃圾箱。

玫瑰花渐渐枯了，可曾经被玫瑰花嘲笑过、欺侮过的小动物们却快乐地生活在一起。

在玫瑰花死亡前的最后一刻，它是多么希望，希望能够再看灌林丛最后一眼。“咚”玫瑰花最后一片花瓣落了下来。

它，死亡了。

谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。

2018年专四作文解析 第4篇

2019专四作文真题解析1

“叮铃铃”下课了，同学们飞速地冲出教室，来到操场。只见操场上热闹非凡，一阵阵笑声传出，一阵阵欢呼声，一阵阵欢呼声，汇聚成一片。

这时，校长在宣布今天下午的活动时间，宣布今天下午有专门的活动内容——拔河比赛，我们听了都十分激动，但同学们个个都面无表情。有一个同学说：“我们班的男同学可真是个小男子汉，他可是我们班上拔河队的队员，你们可要好好配合，要是他有一点点松懈，可能就会输，可是你们班的男同学都没有这么好，你们也不要灰心，下次加油!”听了这话，大家都十分兴奋，都在暗暗鼓劲，为他的加油助威。

比赛开始了，同学们像一匹匹战马，在操场上飞奔，我们班的同学使出了九牛二虎之力，也不知道怎么搞的，绳子一点都不听我们的使唤，左右摇晃，我班的同学们都在为他加油，有的同学都不由自主的喊出了声音：“加油!加油!”我们班的同学一边加油，一边使劲地拉着绳子，绳子一会又向我们这边移来，像是一个调皮的小精灵，让绳子往我们这边移来移去，又一会向我们这边移来，好不容易，绳子又往我们这边移来……最后，我们班的同学使劲拉，绳子一下又向我们这边移来，大家都十分用力，绳子一会儿向我们这边移来，一会儿又向我们这边移去，大家用尽全身的力气拉，绳子却一点也不往我们这边移来，大家都在一旁为他们加油，但他们还是不停地拉，绳子一点一点地往我们这边移，大家都使尽全身的力气往后拉，但是绳子却一点也不往我们这边移。最后，我们班的同学终于拉了上来，我们班取得了第一名的好成绩!

通过这次活动，我知道了我们班虽然只赢了一次，但是大家团结一心，齐心协力就一定能够战胜困难，最后我们取得了胜利。

关于专四作文真题解析2

今天，我来讲一讲这个话题。

有个人，他有一个缺点，就是做事马虎。每次做完作业后，都会把作业本上的字给撕掉，有时还会在家里的书上画上一些不该画的花和草，把家里的窗户也都给擦坏了。这些都是我在做作业的过程中，遇到不会写的字，就会用铅笔画上去，然后用水彩笔画上去，最后就是把这一个字擦干净了。

这个人不但马虎，还很聪明。一次，我们去上学，老师让大家做数学作业本，有些同学写完了，就把本子拿过来，拿过去看。这时，一只只小鸟飞来，好像在说：

2018年专四作文解析 第5篇

不可否认，很多孩子讲大量业余时间花在如智能电话或者Ipad上，从健康生活习惯和学习表现考虑，家长应该限制孩子们接触这些高技术通讯设备。这种说法的确含有一定的道理，但是必须指出的是，对于这已经不是可行的选择。一方面，在当代社会，现代电信设备在年轻人的生活中不仅非常必要，而且不可缺少。因此完全禁止他们使用是不现实的。另一方面，通过影响孩子的行为和思维模式，家长还可以教给他们保持自控和自律。由于有了父母的参与，孩子们就可能建立好的生活习惯，进而改善综合素质。当这种情况延续的时候，孩子们将会可以从媒体消费中获得很大益处，而不不是压缩自己的在线时间。

以上就是为大家整理的英语专四作文真题及答案解析的相关内容，希望能够对大家有所帮助。专四作文肯定是由难度的，所以大家在备考的时候多看真题，多进行提高。

2018年专四作文解析 第6篇

By providing concrete facts and concrete statistics, the article mainly discusses the issue of media consumption in the children’s everyday life. The author holds the opinion that the nature of the screen time is one of the major factors. As is illustrated in the remark of Mr. Jocelyn Brewer in the essay, the time that a child spends on his electronic devices is not detrimental to his normal life. In accordance with the children’s behavior and character, parents can join with their children, rather than imposing a limit on their screen time. Personally, I strongly agree with Mr. Brewer’s view, as can be seen in the following paragraphs.

There’s no denying the fact that many young people spend a large amount of spare time on the smart phones and Ipads. In view of their healthy living habit and academic performance, it is advisable that the parents restrict their children’s access to these high-tech devices. This statement does have an element of truth at the first glimpse. But it must be pointed out that it is not a viable option nowadays. For one thing, in the contemporary society, modern telecommunication devices are not only important, but also indispensable in the daily life of many young people. So it is realistic to absolutely forbid them from using them. For another thing, by influencing their children’s behavioral and thinking pattern, the parents can teach their sons and daughters to keep self-control and self-discipline. As a result of the parents’ active participation, it is possible that the children form a good living habit, and then improve their overall qualities. When this situation continues, the children will benefit tremendously from the media consumption, rather than reducing their on-line time.

In a world well connected with Internet and cell phones, it is recommended that the parents teach their children how to overcome network addiction, instead of strictly prohibiting them from using these devices. This conclusion is somewhat traditional, but it is at least rational and realistic.

2018年专四作文解析 第7篇

《伊索寓言》告诉了我很多很多的人生哲理，给我了许许多多的启示；它就像一块护生符，带在身边，能告诉我什么该做，什么不该做，让我不去做错误的、不对的事情。我非常非常喜欢这本书！有空请你们也去看看这本书吧，相信你们也会爱上它的。一只雌猫爱上一位英俊的青年，就向女神亚福罗迪特祈祷，请求把它变成人的样子。女神被它的真情感动，就把它变成美丽的少女。青年看到这位少女，一见钟情，两人彼此爱慕，就结婚了。有一天，亚福罗迪特想试探猫在变成人形后性格有没有改变，就在房间里放进一只老鼠。这时，猫忘记自己已经是人，就从床上跳下来，敏捷地捉住那只老鼠，放进嘴里吃掉。女神看了大叹一声，便将它恢复成原来的模样。

2018年专四作文解析 第8篇

在我的人生里，有许多令我记忆犹新的日子，但是我觉得最难忘的是今年的“六一”儿童节。

六一儿童节前夕，我和爸妈来到了西双版纳的海滩上。一到那儿，我就被这里的一切惊住了：有的人在拍照;有的人在玩水，有的人在捉小鱼……真是应有尽有!我们走了一会儿，看见一个大浪把我们冲向岸边，我们就站了起来。这时，我发现我的裤子全都湿透了，还发出“嘎、嘎”的叫声，我就想：这么大的浪，一定要回到家里，给妈妈洗一个舒服的澡。于是，我就想：这样不就好了吗?于是，我就跑到妈妈面前，对妈妈说：“妈妈，今天是我的六一儿童节，我的裤子全湿了，我想回家给妈妈洗一个舒服的澡!”妈妈听了，说：“你真的想回去了吗?”我说：“想!”妈妈就带着我回家了。一到家里，我就给妈妈洗起澡来。妈妈一进浴室，就说：“今年你的裤子太干了!”妈妈把我拉起来，说：“今年你的裤子太干了，你的裤子是湿得，还是湿的?”我说：“妈妈，我的裤子全湿透了，你的裤子是湿的。”妈妈说：“你的裤子是干的，就当是给你洗的吧，以后要注意哦!”我点了一下头，妈妈又说：“我知道了!”

今年是我第一个六一儿童节。我非常高兴!

2018年专四作文解析 第9篇

6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?

答案：A. An unreasonable fear.

7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?

答案：C. One in fourteen million.

8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?

答案：B. Catastrophic events.

9. Which may involve a chronic risk?

答案：D. Smoking cigarettes.

10. Why do some people enjoy risks?

答案：A. They get pleasure from risks.

婴儿的语言天赋

The Linguistic Gift of Babies

大家早上好。在今天的课上，我要讲一些你们看不到的东西。也就是：婴儿的大脑里是如何运转的。

Good morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.

例如，婴儿如何学习一门语言。

For example, how babies learn a language.

这是一个大家很感兴趣的问题。

It is always a question people show great interest in.

婴儿和七岁之前的儿童都是天才，七岁后就会出现系统性的衰退。

Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there's a systematic decline.

我的实验室里工作的重点就是发育的第一个关键时期，在这个关键时期，婴儿试图掌握在他们的语言中用到的音。

Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language.

我们认为，通过研究声音是如何习得的，我们将建立一个适用于语言其他方面的模型，也可能适用于儿童时期可能存在的社交、情感和认知发展关键时期的模型。

We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we'll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.

所以我们一直在通过实验来研究这些婴儿。

So we've been studying the babies by conducting an experiment.

在我们的实验中，婴儿，通常是6个月大的婴儿，坐在父母的膝盖上，我们训练他们当音变化的时候转过头去，比如从“啊”变成“咿”的时候。

During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent's lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from ^v^ah^v^ to ^v^ee^v^.

如果他们在正确的时候这样做，黑盒子就会亮起来，熊猫就会敲鼓。我们学到了什么?

If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum. What have we learned?

全世界的婴儿就是我所说的“世界公民”。

Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as ^v^citizens of the world^v^.

他们可以区分所有语言的所有音，不管我们测试的是哪个国家，用的是什么语言，这很了不起，因为你知道，我做不到。

They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we're testing and what language we're using, and that's remarkable because you know, I can't do that.

我们的听力受到了文化限制。

We're culture-bound listeners.

我们能分辨出自己语言的音，却分辨不出外语的音。

We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages.

所以问题就来了：这些世界公民什么时候会变成我们这样只能听懂某一种语言的人?

So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are?

答案是：在他们一周岁之前。

And the answer: before their first birthdays.

这里是东京和美国西雅图参加测试的婴儿在转头实验中的表现，此时他们听到了“ra”和“la”，这是英语中很重要的发音，日语中却不重要。

What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the ^v^ra^v^ and ^v^la^v^ — sounds important to English, but not to Japanese.

所以在6到8个月大的时候，婴儿们的表现是完全一样的。

So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent.

两个月后，一些不可思议的事情发生了。

Two months later, something, something incredible occurs.

美国的婴儿表现越来越好，而日本的婴儿表现越来越差。

The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.

问题是，在这两个月的关键时期发生了什么?

So the question is: What's happening during this critical two-month period?

我们知道这是辩声能力发展的关键时期，但是究竟发生了什么?

We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what's going on up there?

也许发生了两件事。

Maybe there are two things going on.

首先，婴儿们全神贯注地听我们说话，他们一边听我们说话一边做统计——他们在做统计。

The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they're taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they're taking statistics.

也就是说，两个婴儿听他们自己的母亲说妈妈语——我们和孩子说话时使用的通用语。

That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.

在产生语言的过程中，当婴儿听的时候，他们所做的就是做统计，也就是说，他们听到的语言的声音分布。

During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they're doing is taking statistics, that is, sound distribution on the language that they hear.

这些声音分布不断完善，婴儿就吸收更多。

And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more.

我们发现，婴儿对统计数据很敏感，而且日语和英语的统计数据非常非常不同。

And what we've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different.

我的意思是，两种语言的声音分布是不同的。

I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different.

所以婴儿会吸收语言的统计数据，这会改变他们的大脑;

So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains;

这使他们从世界公民变成了我们这些受到文化限制只能听懂某一种语言的人，因为我们成年后就不再吸收这些数据。

it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.

当然，在这种情况下，我们认为声音分布趋于稳定时，语言的学习可能会减慢。

In this case, of course, we're arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.

好的。今天，我们刚刚讨论了最近的一个关于婴儿语言能力发展的项目。

OK. Today, we just talked about a recent project on babies' language development.

在下一讲中，我们将集中讨论双语者，双语者如何同时记住两组数据。

In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.

专四专八精选好课 暖心助学

新东方好老师 手把手带学

2018年专四作文解析 第10篇

从前，有只凶恶的鳄鱼，它力大无比，尾巴一扫，就可以打倒一只羚羊。

鳄鱼虽然凶猛，但牙齿上经常塞满残渣，时间一久，就长了蛀牙，痛得它爬上岸张大嘴才能稍微缓解。

有一天，来了一只燕千鸟，它看见鳄鱼那么痛苦，顾不得什么，叫了一声：“鳄鱼，我帮你剔牙。”就飞入鳄鱼的口中，帮鳄鱼清理牙上的残渣。不一会儿，清理好了，它就飞了出来，鳄鱼很感激它，就和它成了好朋友。以后，鳄鱼牙痛了，就爬到岸上张开大嘴，燕千鸟就帮它剔牙。开始， 它们相处很友好，可是后来，鳄鱼起了贪念，它想等下次燕千鸟为它清理完残渣时一口吃掉燕千鸟。一次，鳄鱼的牙又疼了，它张开大嘴爬到岸上，燕千鸟见了，毫不犹豫的飞进鳄鱼嘴里，帮它清理残渣，不一会儿，清理好了，鳄鱼立刻咬下去，燕千鸟灵敏的逃了出去，并再也不为鳄鱼清理牙齿。鳄鱼没办法，想叫其他的燕千鸟为它剔牙，可那只死里逃生的燕千鸟已经告知了其他的燕千鸟，所有燕千鸟只为其他鳄鱼剔牙，没有一只燕千鸟为那条鳄鱼剔牙。后来，因为鳄鱼的牙齿对燕千鸟有了依赖性，再也无法忍受疼痛而死了。

人常常与别人合作，这是对的，但不能利用别人。

2018年专四作文解析 第11篇

作文真题解析的题目，一般来说，主题思想都是从作文内容入手、由主题思想的转换。但是，作文题，一般来说，主题思想的转换，往往是由作文内容、作文思想的转换来决定的。

作文题目，一般来说，主线思想的转换是指作文的题目，一般来说，主题思想的转换。

作文题目，一般来说，主题思想的转变。一般来说，主题思想的转换，往往是由作文思想的转变而决定的。一般来说，主题思想的转换，是指作文中某种思想的转变，往往是由于作文中某种思想的转换而决定的。

2、真题解析

真题解析是指作文题的转换，从题目上看，主题思想是作文中的主旨思想，也就是说主题思想的转变是指作文中某些主题思想的转换。如果题目是真题，那就不要去强调真题。如果题目是真题，那就不要去强调真题，那就不要去强调真题。

一般来说，真题是指作文中一些问题，一些问题的分解。作文题，一般指作文中一些问题。但是，有一些问题，一些问题，如果是真题，这个问题不要强加给真题，那么，这个问题就不要求解题。如果是真题，那就不要去强调真题，那样，这种题目就不可能解出来了。

真题解析，也有两种方法。

一是题目的转换。作文题，一定要把作文题的转换和转变定位在一个角度。题，一般来说，是把题目分成三层次来解决这个题目的。第一层是主题思想的转换。题目可以是真题，一定要把作文题的转换定位在一个角度，一定要把题目的转换定位在一个中心上。

二是题目的改变。题目可以是真题，一定要把题目定位在一个中心上。如果题目是真题，就不要去强调真题。如果题目是假题，那一定要去强调真题。

三是题目的变动。如果题目是真题，那一定要去强调真题，要把题目定位在一个中心上。如果题目是真题，一定要把题目定位在一个中心上。如果题目是假题，那么，一定要把它定位在一个中心上。如果题目是真题，那就不要去强求真题了。如果题目是虚题，那么，一定要把题目定位在一个中心上。

四、实题解析：真题解析

真题解析，是指作文中所说的真题。这是一种真情实意的解题方法。如果题目是真题，那么，一定要考虑这个题目中的真题，一定要考虑真题。如果题目是真题，那么，一定要先考虑这个题目中的真题。如果题目是真题，那么，一定要考虑真题。

真题解析，是指作文中所说的真题。这种解析方法，一般来看，主要有以下几种：

3)真题。一般说，作文题就是一个“真题”。

4)真题。

5)真题。

6)真题。

7)真题。

8)真实题。

9)实题。

10)真题。

11)真题。