高中作文必修三英语范文推荐39篇

山崖发表网范文2022-12-13 15:08:18239

高中作文必修三英语范文 第一篇

I want to be a teacher when I listen to my teacher carefully. I think I can be a teacher when I grow up.

I can help many students learn things well. I can play with my students, too. So we are good friends. I want to be a doctor when I see many doctors save their patients. To be a doctor is really great. I think I can be a doctor when I grow up.

Then I can help many people out of danger. I will be the happiest girl in the world. I want to be a reporter when I watch TV every evening. We can get lots of important information from them. They make the world smaller and also make us happy. I would like to be a reporter when I grow up.

And I can learn a lot about China and the other countries around the world. I can meet many superstars as well. I have lots of dreams. I think my dreams can come true one day, because there’s an old saying “where there is a will, there is a way.”

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二篇

第4课 明清际跃儒家思想

【知识梳理】

李贽离经叛道

(1) 内容:

①破除孔思想迷信

②批判存理灭欲说教, 强调私欲

(2) 意义:定程度反映资本主义萌芽期要求

二、黄宗羲君主专制抨击

(1) 内容:

①揭露君主专制害

②提主君客民主思想

③主张取代皇帝家

(2) 意义:抨击封建君主专制制度反专制斗争起积极推作用

三、顾炎武倡导经世致用

(1) 内容:

①重视社实际情况解, 形经世致用思想

②主张实践求真知, 力求解决计民现实问题

(2) 意义:代朴实风先河

四、王夫唯物思想

(l) 内容:

①世界物质, 切事物都客观存实体

②物质发展变化规律循

③切事物通考察研究都认识

④具朴素辩证思想

(2) 意义:启示近代思维, 具划代意义

【习探究】儒家思想发展历程及阶段特征

阶段 间 位、特征

产形 春秋战 (1)由孔创立,经孟、荀改进,体系更加完整,未受统治者重视(2)具古典文主义色彩,包含民本思想

遭受打击 秦朝 焚书坑儒,遭受沉重打击

确立统 西汉 (1)道家、阴阳五行家等思想揉合儒家思想,形具代特色新儒体系(2)趋向官化、神化

走向熟 宋明 (1)儒道教、佛教汲取益内容, 理儒、佛、道三家融合产物(2)由理发展,完更理论化、思辨化程

自我批判 明清 (1)现具反封建色彩民主启蒙思想(2)批判理,构早期启蒙思想洪流, 具解放思想进步性

儒家思想发展历程认识:

儒家思想所百家脱颖统思想并断自我调整儒家说代表物能吸取百家固步自封更于能够与俱进顺应代潮流断儒家思想进行改造使进步发展

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三篇

People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.

My preference depends on the purpose of the travel. On a summer vacation I travel to refresh myself and to see the countryside. When I use my feet and walk on a grass covered path along a river or among the hills I feel detached from the noise of the city and closer to the nature. And when I travel on foot I get more freedom. I can plan my own schedule. I can choose my own route. I can stop where I like. And I can see things and people that I might miss if I travel on a train or on a bus. net

When faster and more convenient ways for travel are becoming available, I still favor using my own feet. I get much pleasure from it. People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.

Friends can be classified into two kinds, good friends and evil friends. Evil friends lead us astray and may destroy our life, while good ones drive us towards the right and make our life successful.

Two of them exist in our daily life. However, ideal friends exist in people's mind. They should be diligent, successful and loyal. When you need help, they will stand beside you and be delighted to give you a hand. Also you can share your happiness and sorrow together.

In my opinion, friends can share something but they also should keep their own secrets. So I wish my friends wouldn't interfere in my privacy too much. On the other hand, my friends should have Something in common with me, at the same time something special. In this way we can attract each other and learn from each other.

Let me say something about the picture.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第四篇

第3课 宋明理

【知识梳理】

三教合

1.儒:汉武帝提倡呈现繁盛势魏晋南北朝期吸收佛教、道教精神新发展

2.佛教:魏晋南北朝期盛行吸收儒精神渐趋本土化

3.道教:民间广流传受儒影响主张贵儒尊道

4.隋朝:儒家提三教合归儒称三教合

5.唐朝:统治者奉行三教并行政策既尊道、立佛、崇儒

二、程朱理

1. 背景:隋唐期儒统位受挑战北宋儒师韩愈率先提复兴儒

2. 内容:

(1) 二程思想

①理宇宙万物本原, 先理物

②理与伦理道德直接联系起

③提格物致知认识论

(2) 朱嘉思想

①强调理源于理→作道德规范三纲五;性与理致

②强调存理、灭欲

③格物致知目于明道德善求科真

3. 特征:融合佛道思想解释儒家义理理核

4.本质:维护君主专制封建统治秩序提供理论依据

5. 位:

(1) 儒发展新阶段南宋期居于统治位官哲

(2) 朱熹编著《四书章句集注》世科举考试依据教科书

(3) 朱熹术影响本、朝鲜形朱派;传及欧洲

三、陆王

1. 南宋期陆九渊思想

(1)宇宙万物本原理

(2) 认万物都

(3) 需反省内理

2. 明期王阳明思想

(l) 宣扬外物外理命题

(2) 提致良知知行合说

(3) 强调内反省用道德修养掉欲恢复良知本性

【习探究】宋明理影响评价

提示:

(l) 影响:宋明理社政治、文化教育、及伦理道德都产深远影响

(2) 积极:注重气节、道德;重视主观意志力量;讲求自我节制发愤立志;强调社责任历史使命;体现儒家仁、义、礼、智等伦理道德

(3) 消极:用三纲五维系封建专制制度压抑、扼杀性期居于统治位官哲进步巩固凸现儒古代传统文化主体位

程朱理与陆王异同

高中作文必修三英语范文 第五篇

Saying goodbye to childhood,we step into another important time in the pace of young,facing new situations,dealing with different problems.....

everyone has his ownunderstanding of young,it is a period of time of beauty and wonders,only after you have

experienced the sour ,sweet ,bitter and salty can you really become a person of time of young is limitted,it may pass by without your attention,and when you discover what has happened ,it is always too the young well means a better time is waiting for you in the near future,or the situation may be opposite .

having a view on these great men in the history of hunmanbeing,they all made full use of their youth time ,to do things that are useful to society,to the whole mankind,and as a cosquence ,they are remembered by later

generations,admired by do something in the time of young,although you may not get achievements as these greatmen did ,though not for the whole word,just for youeself,for those around!

the young is just like blooming flowers,they are so beautiful when blooming,they make people feel happy,but with time passing by,after they withers ,moet people think they are so it is the same with young,we are enthusiastic when we are young,then we may lose our passion when getting older and we must treasure it ,dont let the limitted time pass by ,leaving nothing of significance.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第六篇

重点词汇、短语

1. take place 发生

2. religious 宗教的

3. in memory of 纪念

4. belief 信任,信心,信仰

5. dress up 盛装,打扮

6. trick 诡计,窍门

7. play a trick on 搞恶作剧,诈骗

8. gain 获得

9. gather 搜集,集合

10. award 奖品,授予

11. admire 赞美,钦佩

12. look forward to 期望,盼望

13. day and night 日夜

14. as though 好像

15. have fun with 玩的开心

16. permission 许可,允许

17. turn up 出现,到场

18. keep one’s word 守信用

19. hold one’s breath 屏息

20. apologize 道歉

21. obvious 显然的

22. set off 出发,动身,使爆炸

重点句型

1. Please make sure when and where the accidenttook place.

请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。

2. Some festival are held to honour the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to doharm.

还有一些节日,是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先,因为(祖先们)有可能回到世上帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。

3. In Japan the festival is called Obon,when people should goto clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(非限制性定语从句)

在日本,这个节叫孟兰盆节,在这个节日里,人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香,以缅怀祖先。

4. They dress up and try to frighten people.

他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。

5. If they are not given anything, the childrenmight play a trick.

如果你什么也不打发给孩子,他们可能会捉弄别人。

6. In India there is a national festival onOctober 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader

whohelped gain India's independence from Britain.

在印度,10 月 2 日是纪念马哈特马.甘地的全国性节日,他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。

7. The most energetic and important festivalsare the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming ofspring.

最富生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。

8. The country is covered with cherry treeflowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.

整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。

语法总结

情态动词

定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词数量不多,主要有下列:

can(could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will(would),have (to) ,had better.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第七篇

My dream is to study abroad in the future. I can always realize that kind of life very quickly. But before I realize my dream, I must make some preparations.

I think the first thing I have to do is to adapt to the life there. It is said that if I don't know anything, there are great differences between eastern and Western cultures. For me, cultural conflict is very easy.

It will put me in an awkward situation. For example, dragon is the leader of all animals. In China, it has the meaning of sacred good, but in western countries it means violence.

I need to learn as much as possible about cultural conflicts to make my life overseas easier.

中文翻译:

我的梦想是将来出国留学我总是那种生活很快就能实现的,但是,在我实现我的梦想之前,我必须做一些准备我认为我首先要做的是适应那里的生活。据说如果我什么都不知道,东西方文化有很大的不同,对我来说,文化冲突是很容易的,它会让我陷入尴尬的境地,例如,龙是所有动物的领袖,在中国它有神圣的善的意义,但在西方国家它意味着暴力。我需要尽可能多地学习文化冲突,使我的海外生活变得更容易。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第八篇

第6课 文艺复兴和宗教改革

【知识梳理】

一、意大利的资本主义萌芽

1.十四五世纪, 意大利的一些工商业城市,纷纷采取鼓励发展工商业的政策,出现资本主义萌芽。

2.新兴的资产阶级希望创造财富,追求现世的享乐,对当时统治文化思想的教会不满。一场思想变革首先在意大利出现。

二、文艺复兴

1. 背景

(l) 经济:意大利的一些工商业城市出现资本主义萌芽。

(2) 政治:新兴的资产阶级要求追求现世的享乐。

(3) 文化:接触到古代希腊罗马文化遗存和典籍。

2. 本质: 是以人文主义冲击宗教神权的束缚,解放人们的思想。是一场新兴资产阶级的思想解放运动。

3. 核心:人文主义,即主张以人为中心而不是以神为中心, 要求肯定人的价值和尊严。

4. 成就:

(l) 文学三杰:

①薄伽丘的代表作《十日谈》 , 抨击了封建道德和教会的禁欲思想, 主张发展人的个性。

②但丁:代表作是《神曲》,对教会的丑恶现象表达了憎恶。

③彼特拉克:代表作是《歌集》, 最早提出要以“人的学问”代替“神的学问”, 被称为“人文主义之父”。

(2) 艺术;达?芬奇等大师(美术三杰)创作了许多杰出作品。

5. 扩展:16世纪, 从意大利传播到欧洲其他国家。

6.影响:使更多的人开始更多地关注人及人生活的世界。

三、宗教改革(略)

欧洲的宗教改革运动,进一步传播了人文主义,动摇了罗马教皇的统治。

【学习探究】人文主义有哪些特点 ?

提示:

(1) 重视现世生活, 追求物质幸福, 反对宗教禁欲主义。

(2) 主张人的求知欲和追根究底的探求精神, 反对消极的、无所作为的人生态度。

(3) 文学艺术上表达人的真实感情, 反对虚伪造作。

(4) 重视科学实验, 反对经验论。

(6) 以人为中心, 强调个人“才能”和自我奋斗, 赞扬英雄史观, 表现了乐观主义精神。

局限性:过分强调人性而掩盖了阶级社会中人的阶级性,造成人的私欲膨胀。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第九篇

My dream is to study abroad in the future. I am always that kind of life can come true soon. But, before I realize my dream, I have to do some preparation. I think the most important thing I need to do first is to adapt the life there. It is said that there is a big difference between the eastern and western culture. If I know nothing, it is easy for me to have culture conflict.

It will put me into an embarrass place. For example, dragon is the leader for all animals and it has holy good meaning in china. But it means violence in the western country. I need to learn as much the cultural conflicts as possible to make my oversea life become easier.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十篇

1、体液调节主要是指激素调节。

2、常见几种动物激素的相关知识点:

生长激素(多肽)——垂体

促性腺激素(蛋白质)——垂体

促甲状腺激素(蛋白质)——垂体

甲状腺激素(含碘的氨基酸衍生物)——甲状腺

胰岛素(蛋白质)——胰岛B细胞

胰高血糖素(多肽)——胰岛A细胞

性激素(固醇)——卵巢

肾上腺素(氨基酸衍生物)——肾上腺

促甲状腺激素释放激素——下丘脑

3、胰岛素、垂体和下丘脑分泌的激素其本质均为蛋白质,不可以口服。

4、激素间的相互作用:协同作用,拮抗作用

5、血糖平衡的调节:(神经——体液)

(1)血糖的来源:食物中的糖类经消化吸收;肝糖原的分解;脂肪等非糖物质的转化(胰岛A细胞——升血糖)

(2)血糖的去路:氧化分解为二氧化碳、水和能量;合成肝糖原肌糖原;转化为脂肪、某些氨基酸等非糖物质(胰岛B细胞——降血糖)

(3)升血糖的激素:胰高血糖素、肾上腺素

降血糖的激素:胰岛素

(4)下丘脑也参与了血糖平衡的调节

6、甲状腺激素的调节(神经——体液)

(1)神经传导——下丘脑(促甲状腺激素释放激素)——垂体(促甲状腺激素)——甲状腺(甲状腺激素)——细胞代谢

(2)分级调节,负反馈调节

7、激素调节的特点:

微量和高效;

通过体液运输(弥散全身,不定向);

作用于靶器官、靶细胞。

8、注:激素完成任务后被灭活

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十一篇

提高英语写作分数的88个词组

1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十二篇

When I got settled, the total use of the microwave to do their own things to eat. One day, my father saw me, I am afraid to say that I grew up as a cook. I immediately shaken like a rattle-drum head, you said : “That is not my ideal. When I grow up I want to IT (information technology) industries. ”Yes, I bought a computer five years ago after his father, I am familiar with it day by day. Until last year, and I have formed a deep bond with it. From then on, I want success in the information technology industry to make contributions to the cause of national computer. But my father said I could only do in the field “testing the game,” is what the new game, and always let me play with, the report there will be any games. I think what he said is not their fault, I always play games recently, those who do not have a veteran like Flash. In recent days, I sprouted out of a bad idea : I will be playing the game that the network server to the black. My account will revise the highest level. However, I Xiangliaoyouxiang, this is wrong, but was caught by the police network is not good. When hackers but also need high computer skills. As a member of the IT industry is my ideal, I would like to advance this goal, to improve their computer skills

必修三高一英语作文

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十三篇

Youth comes only once in a lifetime, therefore, it is important that we should not waste those years in idleness and bad living.

This is also the time when our memories are are able to learn more during this time than when we become older. During our younger years, we have the enthusiasm to set high goals for ourselves.

We also try to overcome obstacles which are placed in our way.

If we realize how precious youth is, we will be fulfilled when we are young as well as when we are older. If we waste our youth, we will spend the rest of our lives wishing we could be young again.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十四篇

Spring outing in March, with the comfortable weather and warm sunshine, our class had a spring outing on Saturday. We went to the people's Park and held some activities. The students were very excited.

They looked like birds just coming out of the cage. We played games, rowing and fishing there. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery of spring.

Some people in the park joined us and had a good time. We had a happy day and the relationship between the students became more and more close.

中文翻译:

春游xx月的春天,伴随着舒适的天气和温暖的阳光,我们班在星期六进行了一次春游。我们去了公园,举行了一些活动,同学们都很兴奋,他们看起来就像刚从鸟笼里出来的鸟儿一样,我们在那里玩游戏、划船、钓鱼,我们欣赏了春天的美丽景色,公园里的一些人也加入了我们,玩得很开心。我们度过了快乐的一天,同学们的关系越来越密切。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十五篇

城市化与工业化

1. 城市化、工业化与区域社会经济发展的关系

工业化与城市化是推动区域经济社会发展的主要动力。

2. 城市化与工业化相互之间的关系

区域工业化与城市化是两股相互促进的力量,区域工业化必然带来城市化,城市化反过来又会促进工业化。

3. 一般发展中国家如何推进工业化和城市化

通过优惠政策,鼓励少数有条件的区域率先推进工业化与城市化,以带动相邻区域以至全国其他地区的工业化与城市化。

如珠江三角洲地区就是我国改革开放以后,得益于优惠政策而迅速推进工业化与城市化的地区之一。 (二)对外开放的前沿

珠江三角洲地区是我国仅次于长江三角洲地区的城市密集区。珠江三角洲地区工业化和城市化水平迅速提高的原因:

1. 国家和地区的产业结构调整

发达国家在20世纪七八十年代的产业结构调整:

⑴第二产业所占比重不断下降,第三产业所占比重不断上升;

⑵在工业内部,劳动力和资源密集型产业所占比重不断下降,技术、知识密集型产业所占比重不断上升。

影响:发达国家的劳动力密集型和资源密集型产业要在世界其他地区寻找新的出路,为珠江三角洲地区迅速的工业化与城市化提供了契机。

2. 国家的对外开放政策

改革开放以后,珠江三角洲地区作为我国对外开放的前沿,国家给予其许多优惠政策,使珠江三角洲地区优先于其他地区吸引外资。

3. 良好的区位条件

珠江三角洲地区位于我国南部沿海地区,毗邻港澳,靠近东南亚。

影响:使本区得以发挥劳动力丰富、地价低廉的优势,就近接受港澳产业的扩散,利用港澳贸易渠道,大量出口商品,参与广泛的国际分工。

4. 全国的侨乡之一

珠江三角洲地区是的侨乡。改革开放以后,广大华侨和港澳台同胞利用他们在海外的各方面关系,通过投资、引商、引资,推动了珠江三角洲地区的经济发展。

工业化与城市化的推进

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十六篇

My dream is to study abroad in the future. I can always realize that kind of life very quickly. But before I realize my dream, I must make some preparations.

I think the first thing I have to do is to adapt to the life there. It is said that if I don't know anything, there are great differences between eastern and Western cultures. For me, cultural conflict is very easy.

It will put me in an awkward situation. For example, dragon is the leader of all animals. In China, it has the meaning of sacred good, but in western countries it means violence.

I need to learn as much as possible about cultural conflicts to make my life overseas easier.

中文翻译:

我的梦想是将来出国留学我总是那种生活很快就能实现的,但是,在我实现我的梦想之前,我必须做一些准备我认为我首先要做的是适应那里的生活。据说如果我什么都不知道,东西方文化有很大的不同,对我来说,文化冲突是很容易的,它会让我陷入尴尬的境地,例如,龙是所有动物的领袖,在中国它有神圣的善的意义,但在西方它意味着暴力。我需要尽可能多地学习文化冲突,使我的海外生活变得更容易。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十七篇

Youth

Youth comes only once in a lifetime, therefore, it is important that we should not waste those years in idleness and bad living.

This is also the time when our memories are are able to learn more during this time than when we become older. During our younger years, we have the enthusiasm to set high goals for ourselves. We also try to overcome obstacles which are placed in our way.

If we realize how precious youth is, we will be fulfilled when we are young as well as when we are older. If we waste our youth, we will spend the rest of our lives wishing we could be young again.

英语高一必修三作文

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十八篇

When someone asks me: What is your Chinese dream? I will answer it without any hesitation: to be a good doctor.

The reason why I want to be a doctor is that I want to save people’s lives as possible as I can. When I was young, I had a terrible car accident. Thanks to the doctors, they brought me back to life. From then on, to be a good doctor has always been an inspiration to me. I will study hard to make sure that my dream will come true in the future.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第十九篇

高二英语必修三必背单词

Module 1

Look at 看

The boy stole a look at his father with grimace.

那男孩扮着鬼脸偷看了他父亲一眼。

more than 多于…

He is little more than a boy in worldly experience.

他涉世不深, 简直还是一个孩子。

be famous for 因…而著名

The town miller was famous for his excellent flour.

镇上的面粉场主以优质面粉著称。

work on 从事,进行

We need to put in our time and work on our skills.

我们需要投入自己的时间和技艺在我们的工作上。

from…until.. 从…到…

He worked from dawn until(til) dark.

他没日没夜地工作。

because of 因为;由于

His business went under because of competition from the large corporations.

由于大公司的竞争,他的生意陷入了困境。

last for 延续;持续

The blockade is likely to last for some time.

封锁可能要持续一段时间。

all the time 总是;一直

She must be nervous,she fusses about all the time.

她想必很紧张,她一直忙碌得团团转。

be known as 以…闻名

Work in this new vein has come to be known as experimental philosophy.

这种形式的研究被称为实验哲学。

ever since 自此;从那时起

I have distrusted her ever since she cheated me.

自从她骗我以后,我就不信任她了。

next to 靠近…;紧挨着

The two shops are next to each other.

那两家铺子紧挨着。

refer to 指…;参考;适用于

Writers often refer to a dictionary.

作家时常参考字典。

in terms of 谈到…;从…方面;依据

It can not be measured in terms of money.

这是不能用金钱衡量的。

compare with与…比较

How do they compare with our alternatives?

它们和我们的选择如何比较?

have control  over 对…加以控制

You have control over nothing except your own mind.

除了自己的思想你什么也没有控制到。

little  by  little逐渐的

Little by little he usurped his boss's authority.

他逐渐地篡夺老板的权力。

Module 2

up to直到;由…决定

It's up to him to resolve this problem.

这个问题应由他来解决。

agree to do sth.同意桌某事

Would the people agree to this?

人们会同意这么做吗?

at the top of再…顶端

This one should be at the top of your list.

这一项应该在列表的顶端。

be to do sth.将要做某事

Another approach might be to do them for 10 minutes at the end of each hour.

另一个方法是在每工作一个小时后,用10分钟的时间来处理那些事务。

make sure确保;弄清楚

Make sure that you capture the answers to these questions from them.

确保一定要从他们那里找到这些问题的答案。

encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

I encourage them to read or go outside .

我鼓励他们阅读或者去户外活动。

close to 靠近的,接近的;亲密的

His house is close to the park.

他的家挨着公园。

practice doing  sth.练习做某事

Then she would practice writing.

然后,她会练习写作。

as a result 结果;因此

As a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one.

结果坏事变成了好事。

Module 3

pick up 拿起,拾起

Where(When) do I pick up the ticket?

我在什么地方(时候)拿机票?

take off去掉

Can you take off my helmet and put it on?

你可以脱下我的头盔并自己戴上吗?

on average平均起来

It says that on average, you should be around 20.

它表示的是平均值,应该在20左右。

end up 以…结束

The chairman finally ended up his speech.

主席终于结束了演说。

warn sb. of 警告某人

He had decided to warn her of the mistake she was making.

他决定告诫她,她正在犯错误。

set fire to 放火…

They set fire to the city.

他们放火烧了这座城市。

put out 扑灭;关掉

Please put the light out when you leave the room.

离开房间时请把灯关掉。

be active in 积极…

Join, and be active in an association.

参加一个协会并在里面积极的表现。

in all 总共

I have one brother and two sistets. So she gets four children in all.

我有一个哥哥,两个妹妹,所以她总共有四个孩子。

take place 发生

When does the wedding take place?

什么时候举行婚礼?

come into 生效

The will comes into effect.

这份遗嘱开始生效。

be of no effect 无效

mean to do sth. 打算做某事

What do you mean to do with it?

你打算怎样处理它?

mean doing sth. 意思是,意味着

Balance does not mean doing everything.

平衡并不意味着努力追求每件事情。

manage to do sth. 设法做某事

We should manage to house and feed the poor.

我们得设法解决贫民的食宿问题。

succeed in doing sth. 做成某事

All of us want to succeed in life.

在人生的舞台上我们都想取得成功。

Module 4

take in 吸收

Our club plan to take in 20 new members.

我们俱乐部计划吸收20名新会员。

give out 放出;发出

Give out candies or cards.

分发你的糖果和贺卡。

protect…from/against…. 保护…不受..的侵害

one  after another 一个接一个

Sometimes we would play games one after another.

有时,我们会一个接一个地玩游戏。

have a bad effect on对…有坏的影响

Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body.

含酒精的饮料会对你的身体有很坏的影响。

in a nutshell 简言之;概括的说

In a nutshell, here's how the survey works.

这里简单说一下这项调查的运作。

look through 浏览

He looked through his notes before the final examination.

他期末考试前温习了自己的笔记。

cut down 砍树

We do not have to cut down one single tree.

我们不需要再砍倒哪怕一棵树。

dig up 挖掘出

You dig up the past, all you get is dirty.

你把过去一股脑儿都挖了出来,那可都是见不得人的。

be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等)

He is wet all over and looks as if he had been caught in a rain.

他全身湿透好像淋了雨似的。

prevent …(from)doing …阻止…做…

Nothing can prevent her (from) doing so.

什么也不能阻止她这样做。

Module 5

be at war with 与…交战

in conclusion 总之 ;最后

In conclusion, I wish this meeting every success.

最后,预祝本届年会取得圆满成功!

believe in 信仰;信任

Not believe in what you should do.

不要相信什么是你该做的。

bring up 养育;抚养

They have very definite ideas on how to bring up children.

关于如何培养孩子,他们有非常明确的想法.

become interested in 对…感兴趣

How did you become interested in this subject?

你是怎么开始对这个话题感兴趣的?

spend  …doing……花费…做…

The time they need to spend doing their work

这些资源在执行工作时需要花费的时间

be different from 与…不同

Now it is different from the past.

现在和过去不同了。

for the first time 首次;第一次

Naturally, you were keyed up when you went on the platform for the first time.

你第一次登上讲台感到紧张是很自然的。

Module 6

date from 起源于

This custom dates from the nineteenth century.

这风俗始于19世纪。

hold back 阻止

He couldn't hold back his anger.

他再也控制不住他的怒火。

come true(梦想等)变成现实

I'm afraid his hope won't come true easily.

他的希望怕很难实现。

make sense 有意义;有道理

It all started to make sense.

这一切都开始变得有意义。

bring an end to 结束;终止

work out 算出;解决

Work out how much all these things will cost.

算计算计买这么多东西要多少钱。

dream of 梦想

He had long nourished the dream of being an actor.

很久以来他一直梦想着成为一名演员。

be full of 充满

His head is full of nonsense.

他满脑子荒.唐念头。

take away 移去;拿走;消除

Take away the glasses and the tray.

把这些玻璃杯和托盘拿走。

be on a visit 在参观

He is on a visit to English.

他正在访问英国。

live a happy life 过着幸福的生活

We live a happy life together.

我 们一家在一起过着幸福的生活。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十篇

第1课时算法的概念

[核心必知]

1.预习教材,问题导入

根据以下提纲,预习教材P2~P5,回答下列问题.

(1)对于一般的二元一次方程组a1x+b1y=c1,①a2x+b2y=c2,②其中a1b2-a2b1≠0,如何写出它的求解步骤?

提示:分五步完成:

第一步,①×b2-②×b1,得(a1b2-a2b1)x=b2c1-b1c2,③

第二步,解③,得x=b2c1-b1c2a1b2-a2b1.

第三步,②×a1-①×a2,得(a1b2-a2b1)y=a1c2-a2c1,④

第四步,解④,得y=a1c2-a2c1a1b2-a2b1.

第五步,得到方程组的解为x=b2c1-b1c2a1b2-a2b1,y=a1c2-a2c1a1b2-a2b1.

(2)在数学中算法通常指什么?

提示:在数学中,算法通常是指按照一定规则解决某一类问题的明确和有限的步骤.

2.归纳总结,核心必记

(1)算法的概念

12世纪

的算法指的是用阿拉伯数字进行算术运算的过程

数学中

的算法通常是指按照一定规则解决某一类问题的明确和有限的步骤

现代算法通常可以编成计算机程序,让计算机执行并解决问题

(2)设计算法的目的

计算机解决任何问题都要依赖于算法.只有将解决问题的过程分解为若干个明确的步骤,即算法,并用计算机能够接受的“语言”准确地描述出来,计算机才能够解决问题.

[问题思考]

(1)求解某一个问题的算法是否是的?

提示:不是.

(2)任何问题都可以设计算法解决吗?

提示:不一定.

[课前反思]

通过以上预习,必须掌握的几个知识点:

(1)算法的概念:;

(2)设计算法的目的:.

[思考1]应从哪些方面来理解算法的概念?

名师指津:对算法概念的三点说明:

(1)算法是指可以用计算机来解决的某一类问题的程序或步骤,这些程序或步骤必须是明确的和有效的,而且能够在有限步骤之内完成.

(2)算法与一般意义上具体问题的解法既有联系,又有区别,它们之间是一般和特殊的关系,也是抽象与具体的关系.算法的获得要借助一般意义上具体问题的求解方法,而任何一个具体问题都可以利用这类问题的一般算法来解决.

(3)算法一方面具有具体化、程序化、机械化的特点,同时又有高度的抽象性、概括性、精确性,所以算法在解决问题中更具有条理性、逻辑性的特点.

[思考2]算法有哪些特征?

名师指津:(1)确定性:算法的每一个步骤都是确切的,能有效执行且得到确定结果,不能模棱两可.

(2)有限性:算法应由有限步组成,至少对某些输入,算法应在有限多步内结束,并给出计算结果.

(3)逻辑性:算法从初始步骤开始,分为若干明确的步骤,每一步都只能有一个确定的继任者,只有执行完前一步才能进入到后一步,并且每一步都确定无误后,才能解决问题.

(4)不性:求解某一个问题的算法不一定只有的一个,可以有不同的算法.

(5)普遍性:很多具体的问题,都可以设计合理的算法去解决.

?讲一讲

1.以下关于算法的说法正确的是

A.描述算法可以有不同的方式,可用自然语言也可用其他语言

B.算法可以看成按照要求设计好的有限的确切的计算序列,并且这样的步骤或序列只能解决当前问题

C.算法过程要一步一步执行,每一步执行的操作必须确切,不能含混不清,而且经过有限步或无限步后能得出结果

D.算法要求按部就班地做,每一步可以有不同的结果

[尝试解答]算法可以看成按照要求设计好的有限的确切的计算序列,并且这样的步骤或计算序列能够解决一类问题,故B不正确.

算法过程要一步一步执行,每一步执行操作,必须确切,只能有结果,而且经过有限步后,必须有结果输出后终止,故C、D都不正确.

描述算法可以有不同的语言形式,如自然语言、框图语言等,故A正确.

答案:A

判断算法的关注点

(1)明确算法的含义及算法的特征;

(2)判断一个问题是否是算法,关键看是否有解决一类问题的程序或步骤,这些程序或步骤必须是明确和有效的,而且能够在有限步内完成.

?练一练

1.(?西南师大附中检测)下列描述不能看作算法的是()

A.洗衣机的使用说明书

B.解方程x2+2x-1=0

C.做米饭需要刷锅、淘米、添水、加热这些步骤

D.利用公式S=πr2计算半径为3的圆的面积,就是计算π×32

解析:选BA、C、D都描述了解决问题的过程,可以看作算法,而B只描述了一个事例,没有说明怎样解决问题,不是算法.

假设家中生火泡茶有以下几个步骤:

a.生火b.将水倒入锅中c.找茶叶d.洗茶壶、茶碗e.用开水冲茶

[思考1]你能设计出在家中泡茶的步骤吗?

名师指津:a→a→c→d→e

[思考2]设计算法有什么要求?

名师指津:(1)写出的算法必须能解决一类问题;

(2)要使算法尽量简单、步骤尽量少;

(3)要保证算法步骤有效,且计算机能够执行.

?讲一讲

2.写出解方程x2-2x-3=0的一个算法.

[尝试解答]法一:算法如下.

第一步,将方程左边因式分解,得(x-3)(x+1)=0;①

第二步,由①得x-3=0,②或x+1=0;③

第三步,解②得x=3,解③得x=-1.

法二:算法如下.

第一步,移项,得x2-2x=3;①

第二步,①式两边同时加1并配方,得(x-1)2=4;②

第三步,②式两边开方,得x-1=±2;③

第四步,解③得x=3或x=-1.

法三:算法如下.

第一步,计算方程的判别式并判断其符号Δ=(-2)2+4×3=16>0;

第二步,将a=1,b=-2,c=-3,代入求根公式x1,x2=-b±b2-4ac2a,得x1=3,x2=-1.

设计算法的步骤

(1)认真分析问题,找出解决此题的一般数学方法;

(2)借助有关变量或参数对算法加以表述;

(3)将解决问题的过程划分为若干步骤;

(4)用简练的语言将步骤表示出来.?

练一练

2.设计一个算法,判断7是否为质数.

解:第一步,用2除7,得到余数1,所以2不能整除7.

第二步,用3除7,得到余数1,所以3不能整除7.

第三步,用4除7,得到余数3,所以4不能整除7.

第四步,用5除7,得到余数2,所以5不能整除7.

第五步,用6除7,得到余数1,所以6不能整除7.

因此,7是质数.

?讲一讲

3.一次青青草原草原长包包大人带着灰太狼、懒羊羊和一捆青草过河.河边只有一条船,由于船太小,只能装下两样东西.在无人看管的情况下,灰太狼要吃懒羊羊,懒羊羊要吃青草,请问包包大人如何才能带着他们平安过河?试设计一种算法.

[思路点拨]先根据条件建立过程模型,再设计算法.

[尝试解答]包包大人采取的过河的算法可以是:

第一步,包包大人带懒羊羊过河;

第二步,包包大人自己返回;

第三步,包包大人带青草过河;

第四步,包包大人带懒羊羊返回;

第五步,包包大人带灰太狼过河;

第六步,包包大人自己返回;

第七步,包包大人带懒羊羊过河.

实际问题算法的设计技巧

(1)弄清题目中所给要求.

(2)建立过程模型.

(3)根据过程模型建立算法步骤,必要时由变量进行判断.

?练一练

3.一位商人有9枚银元,其中有1枚略轻的是假银元,你能用天平(无砝码)将假银元找出来吗?

解:法一:算法如下.

第一步,任取2枚银元分别放在天平的两边,若天平左、右不平衡,则轻的一枚就是假银元,若天平平衡,则进行第二步.

第二步,取下右边的银元放在一边,然后把剩下的7枚银元依次放在右边进行称量,直到天平不平衡,偏轻的那一枚就是假银元.

法二:算法如下.

第一步,把9枚银元平均分成3组,每组3枚.

第二步,先将其中两组放在天平的两边,若天平不平衡,则假银元就在轻的那一组;否则假银元在未称量的那一组.

第三步,取出含假银元的那一组,从中任取2枚银元放在天平左、右两边称量,若天平不平衡,则假银元在轻的那一边;若天平平衡,则未称量的那一枚是假银元.

——————————————[课堂归纳?感悟提升]——————————————

1.本节课的重点是理解算法的概念,体会算法的思想,难点是掌握简单问题算法的表述.

2.本节课要重点掌握的规律方法

(1)掌握算法的特征,见讲1;

(2)掌握设计算法的一般步骤,见讲2;

(3)会设计实际问题的算法,见讲3.

3.本节课的易错点

(1)混淆算法的特征,如讲1.

(2)算法语言不规范致误,如讲3.

课下能力提升(一)

[学业水平达标练]

题组1算法的含义及特征

1.下列关于算法的说法错误的是()

A.一个算法的步骤是可逆的

B.描述算法可以有不同的方式

C.设计算法要本着简单方便的原则

D.一个算法不可以无止境地运算下去

解析:选A由算法定义可知B、C、D对,A错.

2.下列语句表达的是算法的有()

①拨本地电话的过程为:1提起话筒;2拨号;3等通话信号;4开始通话或挂机;5结束通话;

②利用公式V=Sh计算底面积为3,高为4的三棱柱的体积;

③x2-2x-3=0;

④求所有能被3整除的正数,即3,6,9,12,….

A.①②B.①②③

C.①②④D.①②③④

解析:选A算法通常是指按照一定规则解决某一类问题的明确和有限的步骤.①②都各表达了一种算法;③只是一个纯数学问题,不是一个明确步骤;④的步骤是无穷的,与算法的有穷性矛盾.

3.下列各式中S的值不可以用算法求解的是()

…+1002

…+110000

解析:选DD中的求和不符合算法步骤的有限性,所以它不可以用算法求解,故选D.

题组2算法设计

4.给出下面一个算法:

第一步,给出三个数x,y,z.

第二步,计算M=x+y+z.

第三步,计算N=13M.

第四步,得出每次计算结果.

则上述算法是()

A.求和B.求余数

C.求平均数D.先求和再求平均数

解析:选D由算法过程知,M为三数之和,N为这三数的平均数.

5.(2016?东营高一检测)一个算法步骤如下:

S1,S取值0,i取值1;

S2,如果i≤10,则执行S3,否则执行S6;

S3,计算S+i并将结果代替S;

S4,用i+2的值代替i;

S5,转去执行S2;

S6,输出S.

运行以上步骤后输出的结果S=()

.以上均不对

解析:选B由以上计算可知:S=1+3+5+7+9=25,答案为B.

6.给出下面的算法,它解决的是()

第一步,输入x.

第二步,如果x<0,则y=x2;否则执行下一步.

第三步,如果x=0,则y=2;否则y=-x2.

第四步,输出y.

A.求函数y=x2?x<0?,-x2?x≥0?的函数值

B.求函数y=x2?x<0?,2?x=0?,-x2?x>0?的函数值

C.求函数y=x2?x>0?,2?x=0?,-x2?x<0?的函数值

D.以上都不正确

解析:选B由算法知,当x<0时,y=x2;当x=0时,y=2;当x>0时,y=-x2.故选B.

7.试设计一个判断圆(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2和直线Ax+By+C=0位置关系的算法.

解:算法步骤如下:

第一步,输入圆心的坐标(a,b)、半径r和直线方程的系数A、B、C.

第二步,计算z1=Aa+Bb+C.

第三步,计算z2=A2+B2.

第四步,计算d=|z1|z2.

第五步,如果d>r,则输出“相离”;如果d=r,则输出“相切”;如果d

8.某商场举办优惠促销活动.若购物金额在800元以上(不含800元),打7折;若购物金额在400元以上(不含400元)800元以下(含800元),打8折;否则,不打折.请为商场收银员设计一个算法,要求输入购物金额x,输出实际交款额y.

解:算法步骤如下:

第一步,输入购物金额x(x>0).

第二步,判断“x>800”是否成立,若是,则y=,转第四步;否则,执行第三步.

第三步,判断“x>400”是否成立,若是,则y=;否则,y=x.

第四步,输出y,结束算法.

题组3算法的实际应用

9.国际奥委会宣布夏季奥运会主办城市为日本的东京.据《中国体育报》报道:对参与竞选的5个夏季奥林匹克运动会申办城市进行表决的操作程序是:首先进行第一轮投票,如果有一个城市得票数超过总票数的一半,那么该城市将获得举办权;如果所有申办城市得票数都不超过总票数的一半,则将得票最少的城市淘汰,然后进行第二轮投票;如果第二轮投票仍没选出主办城市,将进行第三轮投票,如此重复投票,直到选出一个主办城市为止,写出投票过程的算法.

解:算法如下:

第一步,投票.

第二步,统计票数,如果一个城市得票数超过总票数的一半,那么该城市就获得主办权,否则淘汰得票数最少的城市并转第一步.

第三步,宣布主办城市.

[能力提升综合练]

1.小明中午放学回家自己煮面条吃,有下面几道工序:①洗锅、盛水2分钟;②洗菜6分钟;③准备面条及佐料2分钟;④用锅把水烧开10分钟;⑤煮面条和菜共3分钟.以上各道工序,除了④之外,一次只能进行一道工序.小明要将面条煮好,最少要用()

分钟分钟

分钟分钟

解析:选C①洗锅、盛水2分钟+④用锅把水烧开10分钟(同时②洗菜6分钟+③准备面条及佐料2分钟)+⑤煮面条和菜共3分钟=15分钟.解决一个问题的算法不是的,但在设计时要综合考虑各个方面的因素,选择一种较好的算法.

2.在用二分法求方程零点的算法中,下列说法正确的是()

A.这个算法可以求方程所有的零点

B.这个算法可以求任何方程的零点

C.这个算法能求方程所有的近似零点

D.这个算法并不一定能求方程所有的近似零点

解析:选D二分法求方程零点的算法中,仅能求方程的一些特殊的近似零点(满足函数零点存在性定理的条件),故D正确.

3.(2016?青岛质检)结合下面的算法:

第一步,输入x.

第二步,判断x是否小于0,若是,则输出x+2,否则执行第三步.

第三步,输出x-1.

当输入的x的值为-1,0,1时,输出的结果分别为()

,-1,,-1,1

解析:选C根据x值与0的关系选择执行不同的步骤.

4.有如下算法:

第一步,输入不小于2的正整数n.

第二步,判断n是否为2.若n=2,则n满足条件;若n>2,则执行第三步.

第三步,依次从2到n-1检验能不能整除n,若不能整除,则n满足条件.

则上述算法满足条件的n是()

A.质数B.奇数

C.偶数D.合数

解析:选A根据质数、奇数、偶数、合数的定义可知,满足条件的n是质数.

5.(2016?济南检测)输入一个x值,利用y=|x-1|求函数值的算法如下,请将所缺部分补充完整:

第一步:输入x;

第二步:________;

第三步:当x<1时,计算y=1-x;

第四步:输出y.

解析:以x-1与0的大小关系为分类准则知第二步应填当x≥1时,计算y=x-1.

答案:当x≥1时,计算y=x-1

6.已知一个算法如下:

第一步,令m=a.

第二步,如果b

第三步,如果c

第四步,输出m.

如果a=3,b=6,c=2,则执行这个算法的结果是________.

解析:这个算法是求a,b,c三个数中的最小值,故这个算法的结果是2.

答案:2

7.下面给出了一个问题的算法:

第一步,输入a.

第二步,如果a≥4,则y=2a-1;否则,y=a2-2a+3.

第三步,输出y的值.

问:(1)这个算法解决的是什么问题?

(2)当输入的a的值为多少时,输出的数值最小?最小值是多少?

解:(1)这个算法解决的是求分段函数

y=2a-1,a≥4,a2-2a+3,a<4的函数值的问题.

(2)当a≥4时,y=2a-1≥7;

当a<4时,y=a2-2a+3=(a-1)2+2≥2,

∵当a=1时,y取得最小值2.

∴当输入的a值为1时,输出的数值最小为2.

8.“韩信点兵”问题:韩信是汉高祖手下的大将,他英勇善战,谋略超群,为汉朝的建立立下了不朽功勋.据说他在一次点兵的时候,为保住军事秘密,不让敌人知道自己部队的军事实力,采用下述点兵方法:①先令士兵从1~3报数,结果最后一个士兵报2;②又令士兵从1~5报数,结果最后一个士兵报3;③又令士兵从1~7报数,结果最后一个士兵报4.这样韩信很快算出自己部队里士兵的总数.请设计一个算法,求出士兵至少有多少人.

解:第一步,首先确定最小的满足除以3余2的正整数:2.

第二步,依次加3就得到所有除以3余2的正整数:2,5,8,11,14,17,20,….

第三步,在上列数中确定最小的满足除以5余3的正整数:8.

第四步,然后在自然数内在8的基础上依次加上15,得到8,23,38,53,….

第五步,在上列数中确定最小的满足除以7余4的正整数:53.

即士兵至少有53人.

【二】

[核心必知]

1.预习教材,问题导入

根据以下提纲,预习教材P6~P9,回答下列问题.

(1)常见的程序框有哪些?

提示:终端框(起止框),输入、输出框,处理框,判断框.

(2)算法的基本逻辑结构有哪些?

提示:顺序结构、条件结构和循环结构.

2.归纳总结,核心必记

(1)程序框图

程序框图又称流程图,是一种用程序框、流程线及文字说明来表示算法的图形.

在程序框图中,一个或几个程序框的组合表示算法中的一个步骤;带有方向箭头的流程线将程序框连接起来,表示算法步骤的执行顺序.

(2)常见的程序框、流程线及各自表示的功能

图形符号名称功能

终端框(起止框)表示一个算法的起始和结束

输入、输出框表示一个算法输入和输出的信息

处理框(执行框)赋值、计算

判断框判断某一条件是否成立,成立时在出口处标明“是”或“Y”;不成立时标明“否”或“N”

流程线连接程序框

○连接点连接程序框图的两部分

(3)算法的基本逻辑结构

①算法的三种基本逻辑结构

算法的三种基本逻辑结构为顺序结构、条件结构和循环结构,尽管算法千差万别,但都是由这三种基本逻辑结构构成的.

②顺序结构

顺序结构是由若干个依次执行的步骤组成的.这是任何一个算法都离不开的基本结构,用程序框图表示为:

[问题思考]

(1)一个完整的程序框图一定是以起止框开始,同时又以起止框表示结束吗?

提示:由程序框图的概念可知一个完整的程序框图一定是以起止框开始,同时又以起止框表示结束.

(2)顺序结构是任何算法都离不开的基本结构吗?

提示:根据算法基本逻辑结构可知顺序结构是任何算法都离不开的基本结构.

[课前反思]

通过以上预习,必须掌握的几个知识点:

(1)程序框图的概念:;

(2)常见的程序框、流程线及各自表示的功能:;

(3)算法的三种基本逻辑结构:;

(4)顺序结构的概念及其程序框图的表示:.

问题背景:计算1×2+3×4+5×6+…+99×100.

[思考1]能否设计一个算法,计算这个式子的值.

提示:能.

[思考2]能否采用更简洁的方式表述上述算法过程.

提示:能,利用程序框图.

[思考3]画程序框图时应遵循怎样的规则?

名师指津:(1)使用标准的框图符号.

(2)框图一般按从上到下、从左到右的方向画.

(3)除判断框外,其他程序框图的符号只有一个进入点和一个退出点,判断框是一个具有超过一个退出点的程序框.

(4)在图形符号内描述的语言要非常简练清楚.

(5)流程线不要忘记画箭头,因为它是反映流程执行先后次序的,如果不画出箭头就难以判断各框的执行顺序.

?讲一讲

1.下列关于程序框图中图形符号的理解正确的有()

①任何一个流程图必须有起止框;②输入框只能放在开始框后,输出框只能放在结束框前;③判断框是的具有超过一个退出点的图形符号;④对于一个程序框图来说,判断框内的条件是的.

个个个个

[尝试解答]任何一个程序必须有开始和结束,从而流程图必须有起止框,①正确.输入、输出框可以用在算法中任何需要输入、输出的位置,②错误.③正确.判断框内的条件不是的,④错误.故选B.

答案:B

画程序框图时应注意的问题

(1)画流程线不要忘记画箭头;

(2)由于判断框的退出点在任何情况下都是根据条件去执行其中的一种结果,而另一个则不会被执行,故判断框后的流程线应根据情况注明“是”或“否”.

?练一练

1.下列关于程序框图的说法中正确的个数是()

①用程序框图表示算法直观、形象、容易理解;②程序框图能够清楚地展现算法的逻辑结构,也就是通常所说的“一图胜万言”;③在程序框图中,起止框是任何程序框图中不可少的;④输入和输出框可以在算法中任何需要输入、输出的位置.

解析:选D由程序框图的定义知,①②③④均正确,故选D.

观察如图所示的内容:

[思考1]顺序结构有哪些结构特征?

名师指津:顺序结构的结构特征:

(1)顺序结构的语句与语句之间、框与框之间按从上到下的顺序执行,不会引起程序步骤的跳转.

(2)顺序结构是最简单的算法结构.

(3)顺序结构只能解决一些简单的问题.

[思考2]顺序结构程序框图的基本特征是什么?

名师指津:顺序结构程序框图的基本特征:

(1)必须有两个起止框,穿插输入、输出框和处理框,没有判断框.

(2)各程序框用流程线依次连接.

(3)处理框按计算机执行顺序沿流程线依次排列.

?讲一讲

2.已知P0(x0,y0)和直线l:Ax+By+C=0,写出求点P0到直线l的距离d的算法,并用程序框图来描述.

[尝试解答]第一步,输入x0,y0,A,B,C;

第二步,计算m=Ax0+By0+C;

第三步,计算n=A2+B2;

第四步,计算d=|m|n;

第五步,输出d.

程序框图如图所示.

应用顺序结构表示算法的步骤:

(1)仔细审题,理清题意,找到解决问题的方法.

(2)梳理解题步骤.

(3)用数学语言描述算法,明确输入量,计算过程,输出量.

(4)用程序框图表示算法过程.

?练一练

2.写出解不等式2x+1>0的一个算法,并画出程序框图.

解:第一步,将1移到不等式的右边;

第二步,不等式的两端同乘12;

第三步,得到x>-12并输出.

程序框图如图所示:

—————————————[课堂归纳?感悟提升]———————————————

1.本节课的重点是了解程序框图的含义,理解程序框图的作用,掌握各种程序框和流程线的画法与功能,理解程序框图中的顺序结构,会用顺序结构表示算法.难点是理解程序框图的作用及用顺序结构表示算法.

2.本节课要重点掌握的规律方法

(1)掌握画程序框图的几点注意事项,见讲1;

(2)掌握应用顺序结构表示算法的步骤,见讲2.

3.本节课的易错点

对程序框图的理解有误致错,如讲1.

课下能力提升(二)

[学业水平达标练]

题组1程序框图

1.在程序框图中,一个算法步骤到另一个算法步骤的连接用()

A.连接点B.判断框C.流程线D.处理框

解析:选C流程线的意义是流程进行的方向,一个算法步骤到另一个算法步骤表示的是流程进行的方向,而连接点是当一个框图需要分开来画时,在断开处画上连接点.判断框是根据给定条件进行判断,处理框是赋值、计算、数据处理、结果传送,所以A,B,D都不对.故选C.

表示“处理框”,b表示“输入、输出框”,c表示“起止框”,d表示“判断框”,以下四个图形依次为()

答案:D

3.如果输入n=2,那么执行如下算法的结果是()

第一步,输入n.

第二步,n=n+1.

第三步,n=n+2.

第四步,输出n.

A.输出3B.输出4

C.输出5D.程序出错

答案:C

题组2顺序结构

4.如图所示的程序框图表示的算法意义是()

A.边长为3,4,5的直角三角形面积

B.边长为3,4,5的直角三角形内切圆面积

C.边长为3,4,5的直角三角形外接圆面积

D.以3,4,5为弦的圆面积

解析:选B由直角三角形内切圆半径r=a+b-c2,知选B.

第4题图第5题图

5.(2016?东营高一检测)给出如图所示的程序框图:

若输出的结果为2,则①处的执行框内应填的是()

解析:选C∵b=2,∴2=a-3,即a=5.∴2x+3=5时,得x=1.

6.写出如图所示程序框图的运行结果:S=________.

解析:S=log24+42=18.

答案:18

7.已知半径为r的圆的周长公式为C=2πr,当r=10时,写出计算圆的周长的一个算法,并画出程序框图.

解:算法如下:第一步,令r=10.第二步,计算C=2πr.第三步,输出C.

程序框图如图:

8.已知函数f(x)=x2-3x-2,求f(3)+f(-5)的值,设计一个算法并画出算法的程序框图.

解:自然语言算法如下:

第一步,求f(3)的值.

第二步,求f(-5)的值.

第三步,将前两步的结果相加,存入y.

第四步,输出y.

程序框图:

[能力提升综合练]

1.程序框图符号“”可用于()

A.输出a=10B.赋值a=10

C.判断a=10D.输入a=1

解析:选B图形符号“”是处理框,它的功能是赋值、计算,不是输出、判断和输入,故选B.

2.(2016?广州高一检测)如图程序框图的运行结果是()

解析:选C因为a=2,b=4,所以S=ab-ba=24-42=-32,故选C.

3.(2016?广州高一检测)如图是一个算法的程序框图,已知a1=3,输出的b=7,则a2等于()

解析:选C由题意知该算法是计算a1+a22的值.

∴3+a22=7,得a2=11,故选C.

4.(2016?佛山高一检测)阅读如图所示的程序框图,若输出的结果为6,则①处执行框应填的是()

解析:选B若b=6,则a=7,∴x3-1=7,∴x=2.

5.根据如图所示的程序框图所表示的算法,输出的结果是________.

解析:该算法的第1步分别将1,2,3赋值给X,Y,Z,第2步使X取Y的值,即X取值变成2,第3步使Y取X的值,即Y的值也是2,第4步让Z取Y的值,即Z取值也是2,从而第5步输出时,Z的值是2.

答案:2

6.计算图甲中空白部分面积的一个程序框图如图乙,则①中应填________.

图甲图乙

解析:图甲空白部分的面积为a2-π16a2,故图乙①中应填S=a2-π16a2.

答案:S=a2-π16a2

7.在如图所示的程序框图中,当输入的x的值为0和4时,输出的值相等,根据该图和各小题的条件回答问题.

(1)该程序框图解决的是一个什么问题?

(2)当输入的x的值为3时,求输出的f(x)的值.

(3)要想使输出的值,求输入的x的值.

解:(1)该程序框图解决的是求二次函数f(x)=-x2+mx的函数值的问题.

(2)当输入的x的值为0和4时,输出的值相等,即f(0)=f(4).

因为f(0)=0,f(4)=-16+4m,

所以-16+4m=0,

所以m=4.

所以f(x)=-x2+4x.

则f(3)=-32+4×3=3,

所以当输入的x的值为3时,输出的f(x)的值为3.

(3)因为f(x)=-x2+4x=-(x-2)2+4,

所以当x=2时,f(x)max=4,

所以要想使输出的值,输入的x的值应为2.

8.如图是为解决某个问题而绘制的程序框图,仔细分析各框内的内容及图框之间的关系,回答下面的问题:

(1)图框①中x=2的含义是什么?

(2)图框②中y1=ax+b的含义是什么?

(3)图框④中y2=ax+b的含义是什么?

(4)该程序框图解决的是怎样的问题?

(5)当最终输出的结果是y1=3,y2=-2时,求y=f(x)的解析式.

解:(1)图框①中x=2表示把2赋值给变量x.

(2)图框②中y1=ax+b的含义是:该图框在执行①的前提下,即当x=2时,计算ax+b的值,并把这个值赋给y1.

(3)图框④中y2=ax+b的含义是:该图框在执行③的前提下,即当x=-3时,计算ax+b的值,并把这个值赋给y2.

(4)该程序框图解决的是求函数y=ax+b的函数值的问题,其中输入的是自变量x的值,输出的是对应x的函数值.

(5)y1=3,即2a+b=3.⑤

y2=-2,即-3a+b=-2.⑥

由⑤⑥,得a=1,b=1,

所以f(x)=x+1.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十一篇

youth is not a time of life, it is a state of mind ; it is not rosy cheeks , red lips and supple knees, it is a matter of the emotions : it is the freshness ; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life .

youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite , for adventure over the love of ease. this often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 . nobody grows old merely by a number of years . we grow old by deserting our ideals.

years wrinkle the skin , but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul . worry , fear , self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust .

whether 60 of 16 , there is in every human being s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of whats next and the joy of the game of living . in the center of your heart and my heart theres a wireless station : so long as it receives messages of beauty , hope ,cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long as you are young .

when the aerials are down , and your spirit is covered with snows of

cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old ,even at 20 , but as long as your aerials are up ,to catch waves of optimism , there is hope you may die young at 80.

thank you!

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十二篇

重点词汇、短语

compete 比赛,竞争

take part in 参加,参与

stand for  代表,象征,表示

admit 容许,接纳,承认

as well 也,又,还

host 做东,招待,主人

replace 代替

charge 收费,控诉

in charge   主管,看管

advertise I 做广告,登广告

bargain 讨价还价,讲条件,便宜货

one after another  一个接一个地

deserve 应受(报答或惩罚)

deserve 的用法

deserve to do sth 应该做/值得做

deserve doing = deserve to be done 值得… (doing 表被动意义)

Your suggestion deserves to be considered = deserves considering.

( 用法相似的动词:need/want/requiredoing= need/want/require to be done 需要….)

take part in : 参加有组织的、重大的活动

join in 参加正在进行的活动

join: 参加团体,党派和组织,成为其中的一员(jointhe army; join the party)

attend: 出席,参加,后跟 meeting,wedding,class,course 等

重点句型

nor/neither + 助动词/be/情态动词 + 主语:表示“…也不这样” I have never been abroad, andneither/nor has he.

If you don’t go to the party, nor willI.

So+情态动词/助动词/be 动词+主语:表示“...也是的一样的”, 强调后者同前者肯定情况一样。

So+主语+情态动词/助动词/be 动词:表示 “的确如此”,对前面情况的肯定。

not only…but (also)… 不但...而且...

Women are not only allowed, but play avery important role in gymnastics.

引导并列结构:引导主语时,谓语动词 就近原则。

引导并列句时,not only 句倒装,即前倒后不倒。

Not only did they take photos, but alsothey had a bid dinner.

语法总结

被动语态

一. 概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

二. 各种时态被动语态的形式

一般现在时的被动语态

am/is/are + done

一般过去时的被动语态

was/were + done

一般将来时的被动语态

will bedone  is/am/are going to be done

现在进行时的被动语态

is/am/are + being + done

表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,经常和时间副词 now (现在), right now (现在, 此刻), at present (现在,目前), at this moment (此刻)连用。

5.现在完成时的被动

have/has been done

现在完成时常与 already,always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just 等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带(ever )since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。

如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these days,many times, so far, by now, in the past/last few days/years… 等。

过去完成时的被动 had been done

过去将来时的被动  would be done

过去进行时的被动  was/were being done

带情态动词的被动语态  情态动词 + be done

动词不定式的被动式  to be done

例:It is an honor for meto be asked to speak here.

三. 注意事项

并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen, take place, break out, belongto, cost, last 等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

短语动词、固定搭配变被动语态介词或副词不能省。

例:Time should be madefull use of.

双宾语:一个宾语成主语,另一主语保留不变。

例:Mother will buy me aniphone5. → I will be bought an iphone5 (by my mother) .

→ An iphone5 will be bought for me (bymy mother)

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十三篇

大气环流与水热输送的关系——是对大气环流作用的总结

(1)全球性的大气环流:

促进了高低纬度之间、海陆之间的热量与水汽的交换;

调整了全球的水热分布;

是各地天气变化和气候形成的重要因素

(2)几类重要气候的成因:

地中海气候:

南北纬30-40之间大陆西岸;冬受西风控制,暖湿;夏受副高控制,干热

热带草原气候:

南北纬10-20度之间;全年高温,雨季受赤道低压控制,干季受信风控制

温带海洋性气候:

南北纬40-60之间大陆西岸;全年受西风控制,气候暖湿

热带雨林气候:

赤道附近;全年湿热,终年受赤道低压控制

三种季风气候:(见以上分析)

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十四篇

【重点词汇、短语】

1.    system 系统,体系

2.    theory 学说,理论

3.    violent 猛烈的,激烈的,

4.    in time 及时,终于

5.    unlike 不同,不像

6.    harmful 有害的

7.    lay eggs 下蛋

8.    exist 存在,生存

9.    give birth to 产生,分娩

10.  in one’s turn 轮到某人

11.  prevent from 阻止

12.  puzzle 谜,难题/使迷惑

13.  pull 拉,牵引力

14.  cheer up 感到振奋

15.  now that 既然

16.  break out 突发,爆发

17.  watch out 密切注视

【重点句型】

1.    We usually think of science subjects asphysics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.

通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。

2.    When are they to hand in their plan?

他们的计划什么时候交上来。

3.    Whether we help him or not, he will fail.

不论我们帮助他与否,他都将失败。

4.    It exploded loudly with fire and rock, whichwere in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen andother gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。

5.    It was quite different from what I expected.

它和我原来想的很不一样。

6.    This made it possible for us to learn English better.

这使得我们有可能把英语学得更好。

7.    Scientist believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with oxygen helped life to develop.

科学家认为,从大气中吸取二氧化碳,并向空气中释放氧气,有助于生命的发展。

8.    He has experience as well as knowledge.

他既有学识又有经验。

9.    They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere ,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth intospace.

他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中。

10.  Whether life will continute on the earth formillions of years will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

生命是否会在地球上延续几百万年要取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

【语法归纳】名词性从句(详见第三单元语法)

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十五篇

Our math teacher is a Chinese who is about years old. He is tall and beautiful, but he is strict with his students and teaches knowledge seriously after class. He always insists on helping poor students learn.

On the other hand, she also encourages everyone to seek more knowledge, because all students like her and our heart.

中文翻译:

我们的数学老师是一位年约岁的中国人,他身材高大,漂亮,但他对学生要求严格,在下课的时候认真地教授知识。他总是坚持帮助贫困学生学习,另一方面,她也激励大家去寻求更多的知识,因为所有的学生都喜欢她我们的心。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十六篇

一.can和could的用法

1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。

注意:①could 也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用 can。

②can 表示能力时,还可用 be able to 代替。

2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)

3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等。

5. cannot…too...表示“无论怎样……也不过分”

二.may和might的用法

1. 表示许可。

表示请求、允许时,might 比 may 的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can’t . or , yes, please 用 mustn’t 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。

用 May I…征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用 CanI ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。

2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。

4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。

三.must和haveto的用法

1. 表示必须、必要。(must 表示主观多一些而 have to 则表示客观多一些)

回答 must 引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用 mustn’t,而要用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。

2.“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must。

3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must。

4. have to 的含义与 must 相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但 have to 有各种形式,随 have 的变化而定。

注意:have to 也可拼做 have got to。

四.dare和need的用法

1. need 表示“需要”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to,或 should 代替。

注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”

2. dare 作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。

3. dare 和 need 常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接带 to 的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to的不定式。

五.shall和should的用法

的用法:

①shall 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。

②shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

③shall 用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

的用法:

①should 表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是 ought to;在疑问句中,通常用 should 代替 ought to。

②Why(or How) + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。

③“should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。

六.will和would的用法

1. 表示请求、建议等,would 比 will 委婉客气。

2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。

3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。

4. would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

5. 表料想或猜想。

七.oughtto的用法

1. ought to 表示应该。

2. 表示推测。注意与 must 表示推测时的区别:

Hemust be at home by now. (断定他已到家)

He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

This iswhere the oil must be. (比较直率)

This is where the oilought to be. (比较含蓄)

3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。ought 和 should 的区别:

语气略强。

较常用。

在美国英语中用的很少,而 should 却相当常用。

属正式用语。

八.usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法

1. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如:

Hetold us he used to play football when he was young.

2. had better 意为“最好”,后接不带 to 不定式。

3. would rather 意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带 to 的不定式

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十七篇

In China, most people believe that boys should be raised in the poor way while the girls should be in the rich way. The poor way means to let the kids do things by their own and their parents won’t be satisfied them all the time. So the rich way means to take care of the kids carefully and pay attention to them. No matter which way the parents carry on, I think it is not the suitable way to raise a kid.

Whether the kid is a boy or a girl, they need to be nursed both in the rich and poor ways. It is the parents’ duty to take care of their kids, so they should be patient and kind. But when the children make mistakes, parents should not spoiled them. Kids must be educated and corrected their wrong action. Only in this way the kids can be taught well.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十八篇

必修三英语unit5课件

I.单元教学目标

技能目标Skill Goals

Talk about the basic information about Canada— location, main cities, customs and cultural diversity.

Learn how to read a traveling report and use maps.

Learn to express directions and positions.

Master the Noun Clause- Appositive clause.

Learn to write a report to express what you hear and see in a place.

II. 目标语言

式表示方向的句式

Where is...?

How does one go to...?

In what direction is...?

Is... close to/far from...?

How far is...?

表示位置的句式

It is/lies in the north/south of...

It is/lies to the south/east/northwest of...

It is within...

Kilometers of...

It is/lies on the west/east.

The place is on the border.

You go along the coast.

It is east /west of...

It is far away from...

One goes northward.

词汇1. 四会词汇

Quiz Canadian minister continent baggage chat scenery eastward westward upward surround harbor measure aboard eagle within border slight acre urban topic mix mixture bush maple frost confirm wealthy distance mist misty schoolmate booth downtown approximately dawn buffet broad nearby tradition terrify terrified pleased impress impressive

2. 词组

Prime minister, rather than, settle down, manage to do, catch sight of, have a gift for, in the distance

语法Noun clause as the appositive

III. 教材分析与教材重组

1. 教材分析

本单元通过两位女孩李黛玉与刘茜的加拿大之旅,向我们展示了加拿大的一些基本概况,包括它的地理位置、主要城市、风土人情以及它的多元文化。通过学习本单元,让学生对加拿大有了更多的了解,使学生能够用所学的词汇与句式表达方向与位置,并学会条理地写出旅游过程中的所见所闻。

Warming Up部分通过四组问题激活学生有关旅行和加拿大的知识和经历。本单元阅读是“在旅途中看加拿大”,因此,Warming Up通过五个关于加拿大的问题的测试,目的是激活学生已有的`知识,为介绍加拿大做好准备。

Pre-reading部分通过四个问题激活学生有关旅行的经历和有关加拿大的知识,使学生产生了解加拿大的兴趣,为阅读做好准备。

Reading 部分是“在旅途中看加拿大”,沿着从西向东的旅游路线向我们介绍了加拿大的面积、地貌、主要城市、人口、生态环境等。两位女孩在旅途中看到了自然美景及野生动物,文章还介绍了加拿大的自然资源,让学生对加拿大的美丽、富饶、幅员辽阔、地广人稀有了更深的了解。学生可以通过学习课文掌握新的词汇、句型和游记的写法,提高学生的阅读能力。

Comprehending部分设计了三种题型,前两个题是对Reading部分细节内容的理解,一个是问答题,一个是改错题。最后是在地图上标出两位女孩的旅游路线,相对简单一些。此部分不仅检测学生对细节的把握,还要求学生列举加拿大蕴藏的两种自然资源,而且检测学生根据课文内容进行推理和判断的能力以及读图能力。抓住文中人物的行踪,就能够很好地把握文中的信息。

Learning about Language部分首先是构词法,培养学生词汇生成能力,旨在通过加上前缀或后缀的方法扩大学生的词汇量。第二部分使用课文中的词汇和信息进行填空和编对话,旨在提高学生活用词汇的能力。语法部分是有关同位语从句的练习。

Using Language部分综合训练听说读写的能力。通过听力填空及讨论的形式进一步了解有关加拿大的知识——居民和语言。阅读部分继续加拿大之旅,从多伦多到蒙特利尔,介绍了加拿大的旅游景点及风土人情。写作部分要求以报告的形式写旅游见闻,要求学生掌握旅游报告的写作方法。

Summing Up部分要求学生就内容、词汇和结构三个方面进行归纳,对本单元所学知识进行概括总结。

2. 教材重组

Reading(I): 从话题内容和功能上分析Warming Up, Pre-reading Reading与Post-reading话题相同,可以整合成一节阅读课。

Reading(II):可将Using language中的Reading与Workbook中Reading Task放在同一节课中处理,再上一节阅读课。因为话题都是关于加拿大的城市与风土人情的。

Listening:可将Using Language中的Listening and Writing, Speaking, Workbook中的Listening(P69) 与Workbook中的Listening Task三个活动整合成一节“听力课”。

Speaking:把Learning about Language中的Exercise 4 Making up a dialogue(P36)与 Workbook中的Talking (P69) 和 Speaking Task (P74) 整合一节“口语课”。

Learning about language:将Learning about language( P36 Exercise 4除外) 与Workbook中的Using words && expressions (P70) 和 Using structures (P71) 结合在一起,上一节“语言学习课”。

Writing 可将Using Language中的Writing(P39) 与Workbook中的Writing Task (P74)整合成一节写作课。

3. 课型设计与课时分配 (经分析教材, 本单元可以用六课时教完)

1st period:Reading (I)

2nd period: Reading (II)

3rd period: Listening

4th period:Speaking

5th period:Learning about Language

6th period:Writing

Ⅳ. 分课时教案

The First Period Reading (I)

Teaching goals教学目标

1. Target language目标语言

a. 重点词汇和短语

rather than, baggage, scenery, eastward, chat, surround, harbor, measure, aboard, have a gift for, within, manage to do, catch sight of, eagle, acre, urban

b. 重点句子

2. Ability goal 能力目标

Learn how to describe the places that Li Daiyu and Liu Qian visit in Canada.

Understand the noun clause used as appositive.

Enable the students to understand the details of the passage about Canada and find the correct answers to the questions in the post-reading.

3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Improve the students’ reading ability - guessing words, searching for information.

Learn the information about Canada.

Master the expressions for describing directions and locations.

Teaching important points 教学重点及难点

a. Find the answers to the questions in post-reading.

Learn the methods of writing a traveling report about.

b. Understand the use of noun clause - appositive clause.

Learn to read the traveling report according to the traveling route.

Teaching methods 教学方法

1. Skimming and scanning;

2. Asking-and-answering activities;

3. Listening method.

Teaching aids 教具准备

A computer, a projector and a tape recorder.

Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step 1 Revision

Check the students’ homework.

T: Before we come to the new lesson, let’s check your homework.

The teacher checks the assignment of the last class.

Step 2 Lead-in and Warming Up

Show the students the maple flag and ask them some questions.

T: Do you know which country uses this national flag?

Ss: Canada.

T: Which continent is Canada in?

Ss: It is in North America.

T: How large is it?

Ss: I only know it is the second largest country in the world. I don’t know the exact number.

T: Canada occupies an area of 9, 978, 4670 square kilometers. It is a bit bigger than China. Which country is its neighbor?

Ss: The United States.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第二十九篇

I.单元教学目标

技能目标Skill Goals

Talk about the basic information about Canada— location, main cities, customs and cultural diversity.

Learn how to read a traveling report and use maps.

Learn to express directions and positions.

Master the Noun Clause- Appositive clause.

Learn to write a report to express what you hear and see in a place.

II. 目标语言

功能句式表示方向的句式

Where is...?

How does one go to...?

In what direction is...?

Is... close to/far from...?

How far is...?

表示位置的句式

It is/lies in the north/south of...

It is/lies to the south/east/northwest of...

It is within...

Kilometers of...

It is/lies on the west/east.

The place is on the border.

You go along the coast.

It is east /west of...

It is far away from...

One goes northward.

词汇1. 四会词汇

Quiz Canadian minister continent baggage chat scenery eastward westward upward surround harbor measure aboard eagle within border slight acre urban topic mix mixture bush maple frost confirm wealthy distance mist misty schoolmate booth downtown approximately dawn buffet broad nearby tradition terrify terrified pleased impress impressive

2. 词组

Prime minister, rather than, settle down, manage to do, catch sight of, have a gift for, in the distance

语法Noun clause as the appositive

III. 教材分析与教材重组

1. 教材分析

本单元通过两位女孩李黛玉与刘茜的加拿大之旅,向我们展示了加拿大的一些基本概况,包括它的地理位置、主要城市、风土人情以及它的多元文化。通过学习本单元,让学生对加拿大有了更多的了解,使学生能够用所学的词汇与句式表达方向与位置,并学会条理地写出旅游过程中的'所见所闻。

Warming Up部分通过四组问题激活学生有关旅行和加拿大的知识和经历。本单元阅读是“在旅途中看加拿大”,因此,Warming Up通过五个关于加拿大的问题的测试,目的是激活学生已有的知识,为介绍加拿大做好准备。

Pre-reading部分通过四个问题激活学生有关旅行的经历和有关加拿大的知识,使学生产生了解加拿大的兴趣,为阅读做好准备。

Reading 部分是“在旅途中看加拿大”,沿着从西向东的旅游路线向我们介绍了加拿大的面积、地貌、主要城市、人口、生态环境等。两位女孩在旅途中看到了自然美景及野生动物,文章还介绍了加拿大的自然资源,让学生对加拿大的美丽、富饶、幅员辽阔、地广人稀有了更深的了解。学生可以通过学习课文掌握新的词汇、句型和游记的写法,提高学生的阅读能力。

Comprehending部分设计了三种题型,前两个题是对Reading部分细节内容的理解,一个是问答题,一个是改错题。最后是在地图上标出两位女孩的旅游路线,相对简单一些。此部分不仅检测学生对细节的把握,还要求学生列举加拿大蕴藏的两种自然资源,而且检测学生根据课文内容进行推理和判断的能力以及读图能力。抓住文中人物的行踪,就能够很好地把握文中的信息。

Learning about Language部分首先是构词法,培养学生词汇生成能力,旨在通过加上前缀或后缀的方法扩大学生的词汇量。第二部分使用课文中的词汇和信息进行填空和编对话,旨在提高学生活用词汇的能力。语法部分是有关同位语从句的练习。

Using Language部分综合训练听说读写的能力。通过听力填空及讨论的形式进一步了解有关加拿大的知识——居民和语言。阅读部分继续加拿大之旅,从多伦多到蒙特利尔,介绍了加拿大的旅游景点及风土人情。写作部分要求以报告的形式写旅游见闻,要求学生掌握旅游报告的写作方法。

Summing Up部分要求学生就内容、词汇和结构三个方面进行归纳,对本单元所学知识进行概括总结。

2. 教材重组

Reading(I): 从话题内容和功能上分析Warming Up, Pre-reading Reading与Post-reading话题相同,可以整合成一节阅读课。

Reading(II):可将Using language中的Reading与Workbook中Reading Task放在同一节课中处理,再上一节阅读课。因为话题都是关于加拿大的城市与风土人情的。

Listening:可将Using Language中的Listening and Writing, Speaking, Workbook中的Listening(P69) 与Workbook中的Listening Task三个活动整合成一节“听力课”。

Speaking:把Learning about Language中的Exercise 4 Making up a dialogue(P36)与 Workbook中的Talking (P69) 和 Speaking Task (P74) 整合一节“口语课”。

Learning about language:将Learning about language( P36 Exercise 4除外) 与Workbook中的Using words && expressions (P70) 和 Using structures (P71) 结合在一起,上一节“语言学习课”。

Writing 可将Using Language中的Writing(P39) 与Workbook中的Writing Task (P74)整合成一节写作课。

3. 课型设计与课时分配 (经分析教材, 本单元可以用六课时教完)

1st period:Reading (I)

2nd period: Reading (II)

3rd period: Listening

4th period:Speaking

5th period:Learning about Language

6th period:Writing

Ⅳ. 分课时教案

The First Period Reading (I)

Teaching goals教学目标

1. Target language目标语言

a. 重点词汇和短语

rather than, baggage, scenery, eastward, chat, surround, harbor, measure, aboard, have a gift for, within, manage to do, catch sight of, eagle, acre, urban

b. 重点句子

2. Ability goal 能力目标

Learn how to describe the places that Li Daiyu and Liu Qian visit in Canada.

Understand the noun clause used as appositive.

Enable the students to understand the details of the passage about Canada and find the correct answers to the questions in the post-reading.

3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Improve the students’ reading ability - guessing words, searching for information.

Learn the information about Canada.

Master the expressions for describing directions and locations.

Teaching important points 教学重点及难点

a. Find the answers to the questions in post-reading.

Learn the methods of writing a traveling report about.

b. Understand the use of noun clause - appositive clause.

Learn to read the traveling report according to the traveling route.

Teaching methods 教学方法

1. Skimming and scanning;

2. Asking-and-answering activities;

3. Listening method.

Teaching aids 教具准备

A computer, a projector and a tape recorder.

Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step 1 Revision

Check the students’ homework.

T: Before we come to the new lesson, let’s check your homework.

The teacher checks the assignment of the last class.

Step 2 Lead-in and Warming Up

Show the students the maple flag and ask them some questions.

T: Do you know which country uses this national flag?

Ss: Canada.

T: Which continent is Canada in?

Ss: It is in North America.

T: How large is it?

Ss: I only know it is the second largest country in the world. I don’t know the exact number.

T: Canada occupies an area of 9, 978, 4670 square kilometers. It is a bit bigger than China. Which country is its neighbor?

Ss: The United States.

(The teacher shows a map of Canada to the students.)

T: Right. The United State is its neighbor. Canada is a beautiful country.

Step 3 Pre-reading

T: Now I want to ask you a question. Do you like traveling?

Ss: Yes, we like traveling very much. (No, I don’t like traveling. It is tiring.)

T: I know most of us like traveling. Have you ever been abroad?

Ss: No / Yes.

T: Few of us have ever been abroad. Then what is the longest trip you have ever taken?

Sa: Beijing (Shanghai / Hainan / Harbin).

Sb: I have never been out of my hometown.

T: If you get a chance to go abroad, which three countries would you like to visit most? Why?

Sc: I would like to go to French, Australia and Ireland. I think French is full of romantics and there are many beautiful buildings. Australia is famous for its beautiful scenery and people are very friendly. Ireland is also beautiful. I want to walk along the roads of the countryside.

Sd: I think I will travel in china first, because China is my motherland and she is very beautiful. I would also like to go to Canada so that I can see the large and beautiful lakes, and there’s the wonderful snow scenery. I also feel like paying a visit to Australia because there are many sheep and rare animals there.

T: Very good. We love our motherland, but if we want to make our country more beautiful and more developed, we should know more about the other countries. Here are two questions. You may ask your partner for answers and give your answers to him/her.

Show the questions on the screen or on the blackboard.

If you take a trip to Canada, what do you expect to see?

What three words would you use to describe Canada?

The teacher can ask some pairs to tell their ideas in class.

T: Who’d like to tell us your opinions?

Sa: I want to see the mountains and the forests. Canada is beautiful, wide and people are friendly.

Sb: I want to see the big snow and polar bears, three words large, clean and mysterious.

T: Are they right? You can find the answers in the text. Li Daiyu and Liu Qian will take us to visit Canada. Please turn to Page34, read “A Trip on the True North”.

Step 4 Fast reading

Get the students read the passage quickly and carefully. Meanwhile, help the students form a good habit of reading. T: Do you feel puzzled when you read the title? What is “the True North”? Now, read the passage and get the general idea of the passage. Underline the main places mentioned in the text.

Give the Ss five minutes for reading.

Five minutes later.

T: Time is up. Have you finished?

Ss: Yes, we have.

T: The first question is what the passage is mainly about?

Sa: The passage is about a trip of two girls, and it tells us some information about Canada.

T: Right. It mainly tells us the information about Canada. What are the main places mentioned in the text?

Sb: They are the Atlantic coast, Vancouver, Rocky Mountains, Calgary, Thunder Bay, Lake Superior and Toronto.

T: Look at the map on Page33. Draw the traveling route of the two girls on the map.

Give the students one minute to draw the route.

T: You did a good job. Do you have any difficulty in reading? Let’s look at the difficult points together.

The teacher explains some important or difficult points to the students.

Step 5 Reading aloud

Let the students read the passage again and find the details from the passage.

T: Now you read the questions on Page35 first, and then read the text aloud to find the answers to the questions. After a while, answer the questions in complete sentences without looking at your books.

Give the students a few minutes to read and find answers. Then ask some students to give their answers.

Suggested answers:

1. Which continent are the cousins crossing?

They are crossing North American.

2. Why are they not flying directly to the Atlantic coast?

They are not flying directly to the Atlantic Coast because they want to take the train from west to east across Canada./ They want to see Canada./ They want to travel across Canada.

3. What is “The True North”?

“The True North” is the train that runs through Canada.

4. Why is the population of Vancouver growing so rapidly?

The population of Vancouver growing so rapidly because it is beautiful.

5. What happens at the Calgary Stampede?

At the Calgary Stampede cowboys compete in riding wild horses for thousands of dollars.

6. How are ocean ships able to reach the centre of Canada?

Ships are able to reach the centre of Canada because they can follow the St Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.

7. What are some of Canada’s greatest natural resources?

Canada has water from its lakes and rivers and wood from its forests.

Step 6 Homework

1. Remember the underlined sentences.

2. Write a short passage to report what Li Daiyu and Liu Qian saw in Canada.

Period two Extensive reading

Teaching goals教学目标

1. Target language 目标语言

a. 重点词汇与短语

figure, figure out, terrify, official, maple, frost, wealthy, tour, distance, flow, booth, downtown, as far as, dawn, broad

b. 重点句子

1. They were not leaving for Montreal until later...

2. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa Canada’s capital.

3. It’s about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.

4. As they sat in a café looking over the broad St. Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.

5. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.

6. I stay as far away from polar bears as possible.

2. Ability goal能力目标

Enable the students to know more information about cities: Toronto, Montreal and Iqaluit.

3. Learning ability goals 学能目标

Teach the students how to describe a city with the target language and functional sentences.

Teaching important points教学重点

Find the correct information about cities of Canada according to the questions.

Teaching difficult points 教学难点

How to write the traveling report.

Teaching methods 教学方法

a. Skimming method;

b Scanning;

approach listening.

Teaching aids 教具准备

A record, a projector and a computer.

Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式

Answer the questions about the passage.

1. How do we know it is fall in Canada?

We know it is fall in Canada because the maple trees are red and gold and oranges, and there is frost on the ground.

2. What can sometimes be seen from the CN Tower in Toronto?

Sometimes the misty cloud that rises from Niagara Falls can be seen from the CN Tower.

3. Where does the water from the lake go?

The water from the lake goes into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.

direction is the train going from Toronto?

The train is going east ( northeast ) from Toronto.

5. What three things show us that Montreal is a French city?

Good coffee, good bread and good music show that Montreal is a French city. Also the signs and ads were in French.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十篇

Spring outing in March, with the comfortable weather and warm sunshine, our class had a spring outing on Saturday. We went to the people's Park and held some activities. The students were very excited.

They looked like birds just coming out of the cage. We played s, rowing and fishing there. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery of spring.

Some people in the park joined us and had a good time. We had a happy day and the relationship between the students became more and more close.

中文翻译:

春游xx月的春天,伴随着舒适的天气和温暖的阳光,我们班在星期六进行了一次春游。我们去了人民公园,举行了一些活动,同学们都很兴奋,他们看起来就像刚从鸟笼里出来的鸟儿一样,我们在那里玩游戏、划船、钓鱼,我们欣赏了春天的美丽景色,公园里的一些人也加入了我们,玩得很开心。我们度过了快乐的一天,同学们的关系越来越密切。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十一篇

Youth has been praised by many people. They believe that it is the most precious time of one's lifetime, because youth stands for young age and energy. So we should cherish youth and do whatever we like. In my opinion, when we are young, the first thing we need to do is to fight for our future. So we spend a lot of time studying and gain much knowledge. The store of knowledge helps us solve all kinds of problems. When we have enough ability, we are no longer afraid of meeting difficulties.

The second thing we need to do is to broaden our vision. As we are young and full of energy, it is the best time to see more scenery. Don't wait for retirement to explore the world. What we see will make us mature and stronger. Let's enjoy the beautiful youth.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十二篇

【重点词汇、短语】

1.    bring up 抚养

2.    scene 现场,景色

3.    permit 许可,通行证

4.    go ahead 前进

5.    by accident 偶然

6.    stare 凝视,盯着看

7.    stare at 盯着看

8.    spot 发现,认出,斑点,污点

9.    account 说明,总计有,账目,

10.  account for 导致,做出解释

11.  seek 探索,寻求

12.  contrary 反面,对立面

13.  on the contrary 与此相反

14.  take a chance 冒险

15.  in rags 衣衫褴褛

16.  indeed 真正地

17.  as for 关于,至于

【重点句型】

1.    Have you ever made a bet with your friends?

你曾和你的朋友们打过赌吗?

2.    Did he help you by accident or on purose?

他是碰巧还是有意帮你?

3.    I wonder, Mr Smith, if/whether you’d mind usmoving your flowers outdoors.

史密斯先生,我不知道你是否介意我们把你的花移到室外去。

4.    You’re about to hear the most incredibletale.

你们马上就要听到一个最难以置信的故事。

5.    Permit me to say a few words.

请允许我说几句话。

6.    After the rain, we went ahead with our work.

雨停之后,我们继续工作。

7.    And it was the ship that brought you toEngland.

正是那艘船把你带到了英国。

8.    I earned my passage by working as an unpaidhand, which accounted for my appearance.

我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费,这就是我为什么会衣冠不整的原因了。

9.    Dick found himself walking in the directionof the church.

迪克发现自己不知不觉朝教堂方向走去。

10.  Even if/though he is very nice, I don’t trusthim.

即使他很好,我也不太相信他。

【语法总结】

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语_能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类:

1.    that(无含义,不充当成分)

2.    whether, if(有“是否”的含义,但不充当成分)

3.    连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever.

(在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语)

连接副词:when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why(在从句中做状语)

4.    as if,as though,because(不充当成分,在名词性从句中只引导表语从句)

二. 四类名词性从句语法要点

1.主语从句

在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。

Whathe wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

Itis known to us how he became a writer.

我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Wherethe English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。

it 作形式主语:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语 it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。

Itis clear that he is innocent in the accident.

很明显,他在这场事故中是无辜的。

2.    宾语从句

在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

Hehas told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

Wemust never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good innothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。

it 作形式宾语:在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中,如果宾语是从句的形式,则必须用 it 做形式宾语,把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。

Wefound it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day.

我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。

3.    表语从句

在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。

Thefact is that we have lost the game.

事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

Thatis why he didn’t come to the meeting.

那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

Itlooks as if it is going to rain.

看上去天要下雨了。

Thisis because he has been working hard these days.

这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。

注意:because,as if 和 asthough 在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。

4.    同位语从句

在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。

同位语的含义:在句子中,如果有两个名词,并且后一个名词是对前一个名词的解释说明,它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物,那么,后面的名词就叫前面名词的同位语。

例如:This is my friend, Lily.(Lily 是 my friend 的同位语。)

可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等抽象名词。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that 引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here.

我不知道你在这里。

(that 无含义,that you were here 指的就是 idea,所以是同位语从句,不能省略 that)

Haveyou got the idea(that)this book gives you?

这本书给了你想法吗?

(that 指的是 the idea,that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

三. 连接词 that 在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况

做形式主语,that引导主语从句时

It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.

据说他一直在国外学习。

2.动词宾语从句中

I think(that) you have much to improve in English.

我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。

3.形容词宾语从句中

I am afraid (that) I will be late.

恐怕我要迟到了。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十三篇

第1课 百家争鸣儒家思想形

【知识梳理】

、百家争鸣

1. 背景:(l)春秋战期产力提高促进封建经济迅速发

第1课 百家争鸣儒家思想形

【知识梳理】

、百家争鸣

1. 背景:(l)春秋战期产力提高促进封建经济迅速发展

(2)社变革:社结构发急剧化士受重用, 并提自主张

(3)术移:现私讲,官府发展民间

(4)社需求:各纷争社环境才及其治略需求

2.各派代表物:①道家:庄;②儒家:孔、孟荀;③墨家:墨;

④家:商鞅、韩非;等等

3. 评价:(1) 百家争鸣历史第思想解放运;

(2) 术文化、思想道德发展重要阶段;

(3) 各家派彼渗透、吸收、融合奠定思想文化发展基础

二、儒家思想形:

期 物 主张

春秋 孔 ①政治:a.核仁即 b.德政,即强调统治者要德治民惜民力反苛政c.主张克复礼,希望恢复西周礼乐制度②教育:首创私,主张教类

战 孟 ①政治:a.发展孔仁_仁政思想b.发展孔德治民思想,进步提民贵君轻民本思想②伦理:主张性本善

苟 ①政治:a.施政用仁义王道,德服b.强调民群众力量,提君舟民水思想②伦理:主张性本恶

影响:战期儒诸百家蔚宗发展传统文化主流思想

三、道家

期 物 主张

春秋 ①哲:a.认世界本原道强调要顺应自b.认世界万物停运,关系相互依存且断转化

②政治:提治主张

战 庄 ①认世界万物都相②认放弃切差别观念,能精神自由

四、家

①集者:韩非

②主张:提系统治理论, 主张依治

③意义:迎合建立统专制家历史发展趋势

【习探究】

1、比较孔、孟、荀思想异同

项目 孔 孟 荀

同 仁思想 仁政 仁义

民本思想 政德 民贵君轻 君舟民水

异 性论 性相近性本善 性本恶

2、何看待儒家民本思想

提示:①孔、孟荀民本思想既脉相承各具特色孔提仁思想强调德治民;孟提民贵君轻观点;荀提君舟民水观点

②并维护民利益发点种加强统治策略

③虽与我前提倡本着本质区别其精神仍具定现实意义

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十四篇

一、群落演替的定义

群落演替是指群落随时间的推移,一定区域内一个群落被另一个群落所替代的过程。

二、群落演替的原因

①植物繁殖体的迁移、散布和动物的活动性。

②群落内部环境变化

③种内和种间关系的改变。

④外界环境条件的变化。

⑤人类的活动。

三、群落演替的类型

群落的演替按发生的基质状况可分为两类:

1、初生演替

(1)概念:在一个从来没有植被覆盖的地面,或者是原来存在过植被,但被彻底消灭了的地方发生的演替。(发生于以前没有植被覆盖过的原生裸地上的群落演替叫做初生演替。)

(2)过程:

①旱生演替:裸岩阶段→地衣阶段→苔藓阶段→草本植物阶段→灌木阶段→森林阶段

②水生演替:沉水植物→浮水植物→挺水植物→湿生草本植物→灌丛、疏林植物→乔木。

(3)特点:演替缓慢。

2、次生演替

(1)概念:在次生裸地(原群落被破坏、有植物繁殖体)上发生的演替。

原来有过植被覆盖,以后由于某种原因原有植被消灭了,这样的裸地叫做次生裸地。次生演替是指在原有植被虽已不存在,但原有土壤条件基本保留,甚至还保留了植物的种子或其他繁殖体(如能发芽的地下茎)的地方发生的演替。如火灾过后的草原、过量砍伐的森林、弃耕的农田上进行的演替。

(2)过程:弃耕农田→一年生杂草→多年生杂草→灌木→乔木

(3)特点:演替快速。

特别提醒:人类活动对群落演替的影响:使群落演替按照不同自然的演替速度和方向进行。

四、群落演替的特征

①方向:一定的方向性。

②能量:总生产量增加,净生产量逐渐减低,群落有机总量增加。

③结构:营养结构复杂,物种多样性增高,稳定性增强。

④生活史:生物个体增大,生活周期变短,生态位变窄。

⑤物质循环:开放转为封闭,交换速度变慢。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十五篇

【重点词汇、短语】

1. impression 印象,感想

2. take up 拿起,开始,继续

3. constant 时常发生的,连续不断的

4. previous 在前的,早先的

5. guide 指导,向导

6. lack 缺乏,没有

7. lose sight of 看不见

8. sweep up 横扫

9. slide into 移动,溜进

10. optimistic 乐观的

11. speed up 加速

12. desert 沙漠

13. instant 瞬间,片刻

14. settlement 定居,解决

【重点句型】

1. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.

我得不断提醒自己我真的到公元30了。

2. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.

开始的时候,新的环境让我难以忍受。

3. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.

空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。

4. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.

由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。

5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.

很快我又重新振作起来,然后跟随他领取了一部由电脑控制的气垫车。

6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.

可是,当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时,由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。

7. He was swept up into the center of them.

他被卷入到这群车队中去了。

8. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.

到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里,他把握带到一个明亮而清洁的大房间。

9. I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.

后来我才发现,就是这些树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。

【语法总结】

过去分词作状语

过去分词短语作状语,可表示时间,原因,条件等,可发展为一个状语从句。过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语。

过去分词作状语时的具体用法:

1. 过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如:

Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.

当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。

2. 过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如:

Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.

因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

3. 过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:

Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。

4. 过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如:

Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.

虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。

5. 过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。例如:

The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.

老师进入教室,后面跟着一帮学生。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十六篇

College Students and Luxuries

Walking on the campus, you'll find luxuries are not far away for students. Some wear CK clothes and some carry LV bags. According to an online survey conducted by Tencent in May this year, there are 37 percent students claiming to have a certain luxury.

On the basis of the survey, the way of obtaining luxuries is quite different. Some students get them from their parents, as their families are in good financial condition. Some take part-time jobs to buy luxuries by themselves. For example, a college student named Xiao Mei said she worked as a tutor for three months in order to get a bottle of Dior receive luxuries as a gift from their friends or relatives.

As for me, I object to students' using luxuries. It is known that luxuries are not able for their super prices. However, students are not economically independent and their attention should be paid to study. In this sense, using luxuries is improper for students.

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十七篇

【重点词汇、短语】

1.    rather than 与其,不愿

2.    chat 聊天,闲聊

3.    surround 包围,围绕

4.    measure 测量,衡量,判定

5.    settle down 定居,平静下来

6.    manage to do 设法做

7.    catch sight of 看见,瞥见

8.    have a gift for 对…有天赋

9.    within 在…之内,

10.  border 边界,国界,边沿,与…接壤

11.  mix 混合,调配

12.  mixture 混合物

13.  confirm 证实,证明,批准

14.  distance 距离,远方

15.  in the distance 在远处

16.  nearby 在附近

17.  tradition 传统,习俗

18.  impress 使印象深刻

【重点句型】

1.    Canada is the second largest country in the world.

加拿大是世界上第二大的国家。

2.    Success is within our grasp now.

现在我们成功在望了。

3.    I’m feeling slightly better today.

我今天感到好一点了。

4.    I prefer to play football rather than stayat home.

我宁愿踢足球而不愿呆在家里。

5.    He gave me money as well as advice.(as well as 和;同;也)

他给我忠告并且给我钱。

6.   These books are mine; the rest are yours.

这些书是我的,其他的都是你的。

asked her a question but she remainedsilent.(remaine 是连系动词,意思是“保持,仍然是”)

我问了她一个问题,但她保持沉默。

8.  Many people think it is the most beautifulcity in Canada, as it is surrounded by mountains on the north and east and thePacific Ocean on the west.

许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市,因为来自它的北面和东面都被大山包围,而西面濒临太平洋。

9.    Many of them have a gift for working withanimals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes.

他们中的许多人拥有与兽共舞的天分,因而能赢得数千美元的奖金。

10.  You can have a view of Paris from the EiffelTower.

从埃菲尔铁塔上你可以看到巴黎全景。

11.  Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the mostwealthy and biggest city in Canada.

大约中午时分她们到了多伦多—加拿大最富有、最大的城市。

12.  I accompanied him as far as the bus stop.

我陪他一直走到公共汽车站。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十八篇

【重点词汇、短语】

1.    take place 发生

2.    religious 宗教的

3.    in memory of 纪念

4.    belief 信任,信心,信仰

5.    dress up 盛装,打扮

6.    trick 诡计,窍门

7.    play a trick on 搞恶作剧,诈骗

8.    gain 获得

9.    gather 搜集,集合

10.  award 奖品,授予

11.  admire 赞美,钦佩

12.  look forward to 期望,盼望

13.  day and night 日夜

14.  as though 好像

15.  have fun with 玩的开心

16.  permission 许可,允许

17.  turn up 出现,到场

18.  keep one’s word 守信用

19.  hold one’s breath 屏息

20.  apologize 道歉

21.  obvious 显然的

22.  set off 出发,动身,使爆炸

【重点句型】

1.    Please make sure when and where the accidenttook place.

请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。

2.    Some festival are held to honour the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to doharm.

还有一些节日,是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先,因为(祖先们)有可能回到世上帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。

3.    In Japan the festival is called Obon,when people should goto clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(非限制性定语从句)

在日本,这个节叫孟兰盆节,在这个节日里,人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香,以缅怀祖先。

4.    They dress up and try to frighten people.

他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。

5.    If they are not given anything, the childrenmight play a trick.

如果你什么也不打发给孩子,他们可能会捉弄别人。

6.  In India there is a national festival onOctober 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader

whohelped gain India's independence from Britain.

在印度,10 月 2 日是纪念马哈特马.甘地的全国性节日,他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。

7.  The most energetic and important festivalsare the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming ofspring.

最富生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。

8.  The country is covered with cherry treeflowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.

整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。

【语法总结】

情态动词

定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词数量不多,主要有下列:

can(could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will(would),have (to) ,had better.

一. can 和 could 的用法

1.    表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。

注意:①could 也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用 can。

②can 表示能力时,还可用 be able to 代替。

2.    表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)

3.    “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

4.    用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等。

5.    cannot…too...表示“无论怎样……也不过分”

二. may 和 might 的用法

1.    表示许可。

表示请求、允许时,might 比 may 的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can’t . or , yes, please 用 mustn’t 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。

用 May I…征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用 CanI ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。

2.    用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

3.    表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。

4.    “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。

三. must 和 have to 的用法

1.    表示必须、必要。(must 表示主观多一些而 have to 则表示客观多一些)

回答 must 引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用 mustn’t,而要用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。

2.“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must。

3.    “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must。

4.    have to 的含义与 must 相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但 have to 有各种形式,随 have 的变化而定。

注意:have to 也可拼做 have got to。

四. dare 和 need 的用法

1.    need 表示“需要”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to,或 should 代替。

注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”

2.    dare 作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。

3.    dare 和 need 常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接带 to 的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to的不定式。

五. shall 和 should 的用法

的用法:

①shall 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。

②shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

③shall 用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

的用法:

①should 表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是 ought to;在疑问句中,通常用 should 代替 ought to。

②Why(or How) + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。

③“should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。

六. will 和 would 的用法

1.    表示请求、建议等,would 比 will 委婉客气。

2.    表示意志、愿望和决心。

3.    用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。

4.    would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

5.    表料想或猜想。

七. ought to 的用法

1.    ought to 表示应该。

2.    表示推测。注意与 must 表示推测时的区别:

Hemust be at home by now. (断定他已到家)

He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

This iswhere the oil must be. (比较直率)

This is where the oilought to be. (比较含蓄)

3.    “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。ought 和 should 的区别:

语气略强。

较常用。

在美国英语中用的很少,而 should 却相当常用。

属正式用语。

八. used to,had better,would rather 的用法

1.    used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如:

Hetold us he used to play football when he was young.

2.    had better 意为“最好”,后接不带 to 不定式。

3.    would rather 意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带 to 的不定式。

高中作文必修三英语范文 第三十九篇

As we all know, _Failure is the mother of success._ But few people can really understand what the saying means. In the world, I am sure that no one dare say he hasnt met any trouble all his life. So we must face failure. In fact, failure is not fearful, but important thing is how to face it correctly. Facing failure, people will never take their fate lying will try their best to work harder and harder until at last they succeed.

Not being courageous to face setbacks, people have no chance to enjoy the pleasure of success. So they have nothing to do but feel sad and empty all day and all night. In fact, they lose the chance of succethemselves. My friend, whenever in trouble, please remember, _Failure is the mother of success._

you can do it !you could be the one!whatever trouble you met how terrible it was,you just think that all will be all right,there is no things is importance in the believe you often complain of the terrible thigs you suffe in the trouble,so you can not happy and have a new your lifes golf will be not life wont become must have the surely mind,and do it by the plan .nobody dont like confident people,the most importance point is you have it ,everything you do it will be succeful!

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