考研英语动态图作文范文 第1篇

①From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar)， we know that______________ (图表内容总概括).②On the one hand, the left/first picture tells us that______________(情况一，图一/表一的内容).③On the other hand, (the right/second)picture informs us that______________ ( 情况二，图二/表二的内容).④It can easily be seen that______________ (揭示图画/表寓意)。

考研英语动态图作文范文 第2篇

阅读理解部分：

1. effortless adj.容易的, 不费力气的

2. handicap n.障碍, 阻碍, 障碍赛跑 v.妨碍, 使不利, 阻碍

3. a driving force 动力

4. a glowing period 增长时期，发展时期

5. unparalleled adj.无比的, 无双的, 空前的

6. scale n.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级

vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量

7. inevitable adj.不可避免的, 必然的

8. predominance n.优势

9. at a loss 困惑

10. fading n.褪色,枯萎,衰退

11. textile n.纺织品 adj.纺织的

12. sweep into 涌入

13. on the rope (爬山者)用绳相互系在一起

14. semiconductor n.[物] 半导体

15. at the heart of 关键

16. casualty n.伤亡

17. prosperity n.繁荣

18. sensational adj.使人感动的, 非常好的

19. look back on 回忆

20. struggling adj.奋斗的, 努力的, 苦斗的

21. devalued 减值的, 贬值的

22. yield to 屈服, 让步

23. on a diet 吃规定的饮食

24. quick-witted 机智

25. executive adj.实行的, 执行的, 行政的 n.执行者, 经理主管人员

26. think tank n.智囊团

27. drop to 下降到，跌到

28. maturity n.成热, 完备, (票据)到期, 成熟

29. universal adj.普遍的, 全体的, 通用的, 宇宙的, 世界的

30. mortality n.死亡率

31. excess n.过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额 adj.过度的, 额外的

32. crucial adj.至关紧要的

33. depend on 依赖，依靠

34. kilogram n.[物]千克, 公斤

35. variation n.变更, 变化, 变异, 变种, [音]变奏, 变调

36. due to adv.由于, 应归于

37. suicide n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为

38 . fertile adj.肥沃的, 富饶的, 能繁殖的

39. religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的，严格的 n.僧侣, 尼姑, 修道士

40. offspring n.(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代, 产物

41. take advantage of 利用

42. diminish v.(使)减少, (使)变小

43. tribal adj.部落的, 种族的

44. mediocrity n.平常,平庸之才

45. biological adj.生物学的

46. utopia n.乌托邦, 理想的完美境界, 空想的社会改良计划

47. physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的 n.体格检查

48. transform vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形 vi.改变, 转化, 变换

n.[数]变换(式), [语]转换

49 . ignorant of 不懂, 不知道

50. organic adj.器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的

51. beyond prep.在(到)...较远的一边, 超过, 那一边 adv.在远处 n.远处

52. comprehension n.理解, 包含

53. descendant n.子孙, 后裔, 后代

54. find out v.找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发

55. advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹

56. aim at v.瞄准, 针对

57. farfetched adj.牵强的

58. be regarded as 视为

59. with regard to adv.关于

60. case n.事, 病例, 案例, 情形, 场合, 讼案, 容器, (语法)格

61. literature n.文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献

62. in brief 简单扼要地

63. consequently adv.从而, 因此

64. undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受

65. require vt.需要, 要求, 命令

66. pour out v.诉说, 倾吐

67. unhampered adj.无妨碍的，无阻碍的

考研英语动态图作文范文 第3篇

①As is vividly shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture,______________(图表内容总概括).②In the first picture,______________ (描述图/表一内容，如果是一个表，则可左或上半部分).③As is shown in the second drawing/picture,______________ (描述图/表二内容，如果是一个表，则右或下半部分).④It is safe to draw the conclusion that______________ (提示寓意，或主题句，回应主题但不是主题句的重复)。

考研英语动态图作文范文 第4篇

Student Use of Computer

Students tend to use computers more and more frequently nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours.

Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular. There are several reasons for this change. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them.

However, there still exist some problems, such as poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.

考研英语动态图作文范文 第5篇

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题) The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点) This means that as __________， _________________(进一步说明)

We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一) After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化)， the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) The figures also tells us that_________________________(图表细节二) (数据位置，如In the second column)， we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述)

Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that___________(结论) The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因) / It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议)

考研英语动态图作文范文 第6篇

考研英语 历年命题规律

一、测试内容的总体特点

1.注重语言意义，而非语言形式

近几年的考研英语试题都有特定的语境和情景，体现了对语言意义的领悟与判断。试卷里几乎没有死记硬背、单纯使用语言形式来选择选项的试题，而是更注重对考生语言意义理解能力的考查。

2.测试的基本点定位在语篇上

3.注重基础知识的测试，加强了对学生语言运用能力的考核

在近几年的考研英语试题中不在设置单纯考查词汇、语法的项目，这是否意味着考研试题忽略了对基础知识的测试?在至的考研大纲中，都明确要求考生具备“在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识”这一语言能力。由此可见，考研英语绝不是不注重基础知识的测试，而是考核形式改变了，考查要求更高了。考研英语对基础知识的测试贯穿在整个英语考卷中。完型填空题会直接考查语法知识;阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识做积淀。因此，考研英语是从语篇角度测试考生对英语基础知识的运用能力。

4. 注重选材的时代性和实用性

考研试题的素材均选自英文原版书籍、英文主流媒体和英语国家经常阅读的书刊。试卷中的文章均是原汁原味的真实语料，体现了语言的真实性和实用性。而且所选文章多来自最新的英文资料，更好的反映了当代英语语言的时代特点。同时从历年命制的试题看，被选取的文章的体裁绝大多数为议论性的、评论性的和报道性的;多为分析论证的文章，很少有纯粹的文学文章。这同攻读硕士学位研究生期间将面对大量的概括性强、抽象思维为主的材料有关。

二、试题的个性化特点

目前面向大学生及社会人员的大规模英语考试共有8种左右，但考研英语作为一种选拔性的考试在考查内容、考查角度以及测试目标上和其他考试都有着本质区别，保持了自身独特的特点。由于大英四、六级是考生普遍参加的一项考试，现仅对比分析考研英语与大英四六级。

考研英语与大英四、六级英语有如下具体的区别：

第一，词汇。考研英语在词汇上主要考察熟词新义，有些中学词汇的新用法都能考的一塌糊涂;四、六级英语主要考察生词的第一意义或常用意义，只要你背了大纲的词汇表，基本就没问题;

第二，语言材料。考研英语的语言材料多长难句;四、六级英语几乎没有长难句，都是很简单的句子，意思几乎一看就明白，不用仔细琢磨其意义;第三，试题选项。阅读理解是考研和四六级都要考到的题型，但考研英语试题选项多陷阱，考生要有很强的分析能力和抗干扰的能力;四、六级英语试题选项的迷惑性不是很强，只要具备了相应的阅读能力，一眼就能看出哪个是正确答案，哪个是干扰项。

第四，大英四六级中也涉及翻译、写作题型，但考研英语对翻译、写作能力的考查在难度及复杂性上远远大于大英四六级的要求;第五，考研阅读理解B部分即阅读理解新题型是考研独有的题型，该题型主要考查考生对连贯性、一致性、逻辑性等语篇、语段整体性特征及文章结构的理解，这对考生的综合阅读能力提出了更高的要求;第六，测试目的。 考研英语体现的是难度，四、六级英语体现的是速度。比如一个阅读片段，考研英语一般要花15分钟去推敲琢磨，而六级英语必须在8-9分钟作完;第七、大英四六级严格规定对试题的`作答顺序而考研英语只需在三小时完成试题就可，至于答题的顺序可根据个人喜好自主进行。

综上所述，大学英语四、六级是针对大部分大学生的一种测试，主要在于考查大学生在大学期间的英语学习成果，其宗旨是希望大多数学生都能够在正规英语课堂训练之后通过这些测试，因此四、六级考的主要是水平和速度。而考研阅读考的则是更高层次的英语能力，因为研究生入学考试是一种选拔性测试，意在通过考试选出优秀的学生进行深造，因而对考生各方面的素质和能力、包括英语阅读能力提出了更高的要求。因此，想比四、六级考试的阅读文章和阅读题，考研阅读文章选材更加广泛，文章不论从长度、词汇、句子、还是逻辑等各个角度来说难度都远远大于四、六级，同时命题也更加具有多变性和迷惑性。这些都对考生的实战能力提出了更高的要求，特别要对阅读理解题目的考点和命题原则知根知底。一般来说，四、六级阅读每篇花大约8-10分钟就能够完成，而考研阅读每篇则需要15-20分钟。

三、试题的唯一性

考研英语试题的命制是一门科学，也是一项系统工程。需经过前期命题理论的研究，试题的研发，题库的规划与建设，以及试题命制过程中的人力、财力与物力等的强有力的保障，才能达到考研试题的科学性、合理性、均衡性和前瞻性诸要求并能有效发挥考研试题的功能。而且试题在命制时要恪守七项标准，即：1.试题应该符合该学科的学理逻辑; 2.试题应该符合语言发展的逻辑;3.试题应该符合文化的发展规律; 4.试题应该符合测试学的一般规律;5.试题应该符合试题命制的一般规律;6.试题应该符合试题自身的功能目的;7.试题应该符合统计学意义上的考点变化规律。

因此，经过这样一个周密而浩大的流程命制出的试题，试题所体现出的信度、效度、区分度是任何模拟试题都难以披靡的。而且在命题的过程中，命题人会穷尽市面上所有的考研辅导书籍，因此，考研试卷上的文章素材和哪本辅导书上的素材会雷同的可能性微乎其微，当然，近几年由于一些权威考研辅导机构汇聚了具有强大研究能力的考研辅导老师，这些考研辅导老师长期对于研究生考试研究思考，他们有的就是以前的出题老师，有的就是某一科目的专家，他们对于整体形势、命题重点都吃得很透，掌握了考试的规律，因此会屡屡有命中考研作文的捷报。考研试题的这种唯一性和不可复制性更彰显了考研测试的公平性，那些试图通过押题，猜题而突击复习的考生必然会被扎扎实实、孜孜不倦学习的考生淘汰出局。

当然，考研试题除了在测试内容上具有唯一性外，还值得一提的是，既然考研的全称是全国硕士研究生入学统一考试，那自然是试卷由教育部考试中心统一命制，全国报考不同院校的考生大家共同作答唯一的一份试卷，虽然有些高校可以自主划定初始录取分数线，但他们也不具有单独、自主命制试题的资格。

考研英语动态图作文范文 第7篇

Film Is Giving Way to TV

It can be seen from the graph that the rate of car accidents in Walton City experienced rises and falls in 1990. From January to March last year it increased by 45%. From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease.

There are several reasons for this improvement, but the following are the most critical ones. First, new traffic regulations have made drivers more careful. Second, more people are using bicycles for transportation. Finally, in the later part of the year good weather made the roads safer to drive on.

I am confident that there will be even fewer car accidents in Walton in the future. First, major roads have been repaired and the number of public buses has been increased in the past few months. Moreover, a traffic safety campaign has made all the local people more aware of the dangers of unsafe driving.

考研英语图表类作文 (菁选2篇)（扩展7）

——考研英语图表作文套句优选【一】篇

①In theory, several reasons may bring about the event shown in the chart, but for my part, the following two are the most important. ②The main reason is that原因一. ③In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. ④This issue also results from that 原因二.

The above bar chart informs us of the phenomenon that there exist some differences in additional working hours among diverse careers, especially between self-employed businessmen and civil servants. Self-employed businessmen spend nearly 2 hours per day in working overtime. On the contrary, civil servants’ additional working hours is the shortest, only less than 50 minutes per day. The overtime of scientific researchers, cultural and sports workers and teachers is 80 minutes, 70 minutes and 55 minutes respectively.

Ample reasons can account for this phenomenon. Firstly, to make more profits, self-employed businessmen have to spend more time in manufacturing products, attracting customers, providing after-sale services and managing staff. Moreover, with the competition becoming fiercer, they have no alternative but to work overtime to avoid being eliminated by the market and their rivals. When it comes to civil servants, things have gone otherwise. Confronted with less risks as well as pressures and leading a steady and routine life, they don’t have to work overtime frequently.

Working overtime is a two-bladed sword. Surely, it will generate considerable benefits. However, it will give rise to some damages, especially to our health. We should balance our work, life and health or we will eventually become a machine and salve of work.

From the table chart given above, we can observe that it reflects the statistics of students’ graduation intentions. From 2004 to 2012, the proportion of students who were determined to further study increased rapidly from 45% to 76%. During the same period, the percentage of students who were willing to work after graduation remains steady, around 55% to 60%.

The table chart informs us of the phenomenon that students in increasing numbers are willing to further study after graduation. What exactly contributes to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: for one thing, faced with intense competition in the society, quite a few students are convinced that a higher education will put them in a competitive position in the future employment market. For another, their decision could also be attributed to the power of so-called “group dynamics”: when their friends and classmates choose to study after graduation, they will be influenced easily and imitate other’s behavior.

By observing the tendency of the past, we may forecast that the proportion of further study will continue to rise. However, students should bear in mind that a higher education will not guarantee them an ideal job. It is capabilities and skills that determine their future.

①There is no denying that the chart depicts 标题, and it attracts our eyes.

动态图②The chart represents that 全部指数 have(has) revealed dramatic changes during 时间. ③Especially, 某指数experienced the greatest change, jumping/dropping from 数字 to 数字 during this time.

静态图②The chart represents that 主体人物 show(s) totally different inclinations towards the issue of 话题. ③On the basis of the above chart, the percentage of 某指数 is the highest among all the parts, at about 数字.

④Obviously, the tendency should be given more consideration.

考研英语动态图作文范文 第8篇

考研英语真题答案及详细解析

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.

To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____.

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was points or more higher than that of the one _17__ that, then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of points. This might sound small, but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20__.

1. A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers

2. A minor B external C crucial D objective

3. A issue B vision C picture D moment

4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example

5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless

6. A in B for C to D on

7. A if B until C though D unless

8. A. test

9.

10.

11.

12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured

13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged

14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave

15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather

16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced

17. A below B after C above D before

18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop

19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard

20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following fourtexts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In the film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $ knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[A] poor bargaining skill.

[B] insensitivity to fashion.

[C] obsession with high fashion.

[D] lack of imagination.

22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

[A] combat unnecessary waste.

[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.

[C] resist the influence of advertisements.

[D] shop for their garments more frequently.

23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, ) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation.

[B] enthusiasm.

[C] indifference.

[D] tolerance.

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?

[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.

[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.

[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.

[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.

25. What is the subject of the text?

[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.

[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.

[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.

Text 2

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

In December America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track ”(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, M

Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:“we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

[A] ease competition among themselves

[B] lower their operational costs

[C] avoid complaints from consumers

[D] provide better online services

27. “The industry” (Line 6,) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

[B] e-commerce conductors

[C] digital information analysis

[D] internet browser developers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[A] many cut the number of junk ads

[B] fails to affect the ad industry

[C] will not benefit consumers

[D] goes against human nature

29. which of the following is ture according to

[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT

[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers

[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:

[A] indulgence

[B] understanding

[C] appreciaction

[D] skepticism

Text 3

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”

So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .

Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.

31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by

[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment

[B] our faith in science and technology

[C] our awareness of potential risks

[D] our belief in equal opportunity

32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are

[A] a sustained species

[B] a threaten to the environment

[C] the world’s dominant power

[D] a misplaced race

33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?

[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.

[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.

[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.

[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.

34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to

[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources

[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world

[C] draw on our experience from the past

[D] curb our ambition to reshape history

35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Uncertainty about Our Future

[B] Evolution of the Human Species

[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind

[D] Science, Technology and Humanity

Text 4

On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.

An States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun .On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field ” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers

However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law ’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued tha Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it never did administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.

[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

[A] violated the Constitution.

[B] undermined the states’ interests.

[C] supported the federal statute.

[D] stood in favor of the states.

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

[A] outweighs that held by the states.

[B] is dependent on the states’ support.

[C] is established by federal statutes.

[D] rarely goes against state laws.

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)

The social sciences are of ,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since .

Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .

Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.

Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since ,(43)____

When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

The trick is to direct these funds European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon ,a new program to be enacted in ,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social

scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly

specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing

elsewhere,such as policy briefs.

[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the

100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these

Keywords.

[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .

[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.

46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.

48. The gardens of the homeless which are in efffect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such

49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic

50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

Section III Writing

Part A

Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.

You should include the details you think necessary.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the “Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10 points)

Part B

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing .In your essay,you should

1) describe the drawing briefly.

2) interpret its intended meaning ,and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)

英语答案

(grants)

2. B(external)

3. C(picture)

4. D(for example)

5. B(fearful)

6. D(on)

7. A(if)

8. A(test)

9. D(success)

(chosen)

(otherwise)

(conducted)

(rated)

(took)

(then)

(marked)

(before)

(drop)

(undo)

(necessary)

Text 1

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[B] insensitivity to fashion.

22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

[D] shop for their garments more frequently.

23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, ) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation.

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph

[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing

25. What is the subject of the text

[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.

Text 2

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:

[B] lower their operational costs

27. “The industry” (Line 6,) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[C] will not benefit consumers

29. which of the following is ture according to

[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:

[D] skepticism

Text3

31·[B] our faith in science and technology

32·[A] a sustained species

33·[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive

34·[C] draw onour experience from the past

35·[C] TheEver-bright Prospects of Mankind

Text 4

36. [C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law

37. [C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

38. [D]stood in favor of the states

39. [A] outweighs that held by the states

40. [B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

41.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior .all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

42.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .

43.[B] However, the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.

44.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

45.[C] the idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy;and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

46. 然而,令人震惊的是,当人们看到又无家可归者建造的花园照片时,由于风格的多样性,所有这些花园显示了超越了装饰与创造性表现的其它各种各样的基本诉求.

47.尽管可能有点简陋,但这一神圣和平之地明显象征着人类需求,就好比外壳明显象征着动物需求.

48. 那些无家可归者的花园实际上是“无家可归”的家园,同花园被引入了城市,在那儿,它们之前即不存在也未曾像这样可以被辨识.

49 . 我们中的大部分人屈服于道德败坏,在某些心理状态下我们通常归咎于道德败坏,直到有一天我们发现自己身处花园,压迫感奇迹般地消失了.

50. 尽管在某种被解放的意义上,但正是这种含蓄或明显的对大自然的引用认可了使用“花园”一词来描述这些被合成的建筑。

51.

Dear Mr. Smith,

As a member of the Students’ Union, I am writing this letter to request whether you could serve as a judge in the English speech contest to be held in our university next Saturday.

This contest aims at improving the students’ communicative and practical ability in English, the details of which are as follows. To begin with, the participants are mainly the seniors who will step into the society three months later. In addition, the theme is concerning the utmost significance of future choice after graduation.

It is my sincere hope that you can present yourself in this extracurricular activity. I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

52. 参考范文：

The set of cartoon given above dramatically features a scene of college graduates choosing their future destination. When stepping out of the ivory tower, the would-be graduates will confront with multiple choices, such as hunting a job, taking part in National Entrance Examination for MS/MA. What is conveyed in the picture carries a far-reaching implication for both us and our society.

The drawing is designed to remind us of the crucial importance of the distinctive goal in future development, which is a practical issue confronting every would-be graduate. On the one hand, for a real road, if stepping on a wrong way, one can return to the original point, but life is a one-way journey: one cannot start it all over again. Different choices in life may make great differences. On the other hand, to some extent, future is a combination of choices and efforts. Some people even believe that one’s success depends more on how intelligently he chooses than on how diligently he works. With a wrong direction the farther we go, the farther we are away from our dream.

Therefore, positive mental guidance must be popularized among the public, especially the young to help them keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey. Besides, every youngster should be educated to realize his position and the reality and choose his life goal in a down-to-earth manner. Only with a right direction and destination can all the efforts make towards our dream pay off.